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California  State  Library 


State  of  California 

BUDGET 


For  the  Fiscal  Year 


July  1, 1952  to  June  30, 1953 


Budget  Message  of  Governor 

Letter  of  Transmittal  of  Director  of  Finance 

Summary  Statements 

Budget  Chart 


Submitted  by 

EARL  WARREN 
Governor 

to  the 

CALIFORNIA  LEGISLATURE 

1952  Budget  Session 


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California  State  Library 


State  of  California 

BUDGET 


For  the  Fiscal  Year 


July  1, 1952  to  June  30,  1958 


Budget  Message  of  Governor 

Letter  of  Transmittal  of  Director  of  Finance 

Summary  Statements 

Budget  Chart 


Submitted  by 

EARL  WARREN 
Governor 

to  the 

CALIFORNIA  LEGISLATURE 

1952  Budget  Session 


* 


Budget  Message 

By 

GOVERNOR  EARL  WARREN 
1952-1953  Budget 


To  the  Senate  and  Assembly  of  the  State  Legislature  of  California: 

I  again  welcome  you  to  Sacramento  for  the  Budget  Session, 
and  in  accordance  with  Section  34,  Article  TV  of  the  Constitution 
I  submit  to  you  the  budget  for  our  State  for  the  Fiscal  Tear 
ending  June  30,  1953. 

This  is  the  first  session  at  which  all  of  us  haye  been  housed  in 
the  new  Capitol  addition,  and  I  trust  that  all  of  you  will  at  long 
last  be  able  to  enjoy  adequate  facilities  for  the  performance  of 
your  very  important  duties.  It  has  been  a  matter  of  wonderment 
to  me  for  many  years  how  the  Legislature  could  function  in  its 
totally  inadequate  and  obsolete  quarters.  I  want  to  say  to  you 
also  that  my  staff  and  I  are  pleased  with  our  new  quarters  and 
that  we  believe  the  greatly  improved  facilities  will  enable  us  to 
discharge  our  responsibilities  to  the  people  better  than  heretofore. 
At  the  outset  I  report  to  you  that  our  State  is  in  a  sound 
financial  condition.  No  new  or  added  taxes  are  required.  The 
present  rates  will  meet  the  budget  expenditures  and  leave  us  with 
an  estimated  6-eneral  Fund  surplus  of  approximately  $70,000,000 
on  June  30,  1953,  after  financing  the  budget  as  herein  proposed. 
This  is  substantially  greater  than  we  had  reason  to  believe  it 
would  be  when  I  submitted  our  budget  for  the  current  fiscal  year, 
the  reason  for  this  being  our  estimates  of  revenue  in  last  year's 
budget  were  proved  to  be  conservative  because  we,  as  did  other 
forecasters,  failed  to  anticipate  the  full  extent  of  scare  buying 
and  other  forces  related  to  the  defense  program  which  inflated 


in 


sales  volume,  prices  and  income.  This  budget  contains  a  thorough 
discussion  of  the  revenue  estimates  for  the  coming  fiscal  year  and 
the  assumptions  on  which  they  are  based.  We  have  used  every 
means  at  our  command  to  develop  reliable  and  realistic  estimates. 
However,  these  are  uncertain  times  and  any  major  unforeseen 
development  in  world  affairs  could  make  a  substantial  change  in 
either  direction  in  our  revenue  yield. 

The  budget  for  the  next  fiscal  year  which  I  submit  to  you  is 
one  of  minimum  requirements  to  carry  out  policies  and  functions 
already  established  by  the  Legislature.  In  the  belief  that  the 
Legislature  and  the  people  in  providing  for  annual  budget 
sessions,  intended  them  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the 
preparation  of  budgets  and  not  for  changing  policies  greatly 
except  in  general  sessions,  we  have  endeavored  in  the  presentation 
of  this  budget  to  follow  your  policies  as  established  in  the  1951 
Session.  With  the  exception  of  the  instances  which  I  will  in  a 
moment  enumerate,  this  has  been  done  explicitly.  Any  other 
increase  is  largely  a  matter  of  meeting  the  greater  costs  occasioned 
by  the  continued  growth  of  the  State  and  the  advances  in  price 
and  wage  levels.  It  is  significant  for  all  of  us  to  bear  in  mind 
that  according  to  the  estimates  of  the  Census  Bureau,  our  State 
has  grown  by  450,000  persons  in  the  past  year,  300,000  by 
immigration  and  150,000  by  increase  of  births  over  deaths. 

The  expenditures  in  this  budget  are  estimated  at  $1,185,- 
397,270  for  the  fiscal  year,  an  increase  of  $82,063,743  or  7.4  per- 
cent over  the  current  fiscal  year.  Of  this  increase,  $34,500,000,  or 
42.2  percent,  will  go  to  local  governments  in  the  form  of  larger 
payments  for  support  of  public  schools,  and  $4,600,000  or  5.5  per- 
cent for  other  local  subventions.  $5,902,000,  or  7.2  percent  repre- 
sents the  net  increase  in  expenditures  for  capital  outlay,  and 
$37,033,000,  or  45.1  percent  will  be  used  for  state  operations.  The 
latter  sum  includes  $12,550,000  for  increased  salaries  of  state 
employees,  in  accordance  with  Personnel  Board  recommendations, 
$5,506,000  for  the  University,  state  colleges  and  other  educational 
activities,  $3,290,000  for  an  improvement  in  the  level  of  care  at 
mental  hospitals  and  homes,  $2,518,000  for  public  works  and  high- 
way maintenance,  and  $2,038,000  for  better  traffic  law  enforcement 
by  the  Highway  Patrol. 


STATE  OPERATIONS 

Budget  recommendations  for  the  operation  of  the  departments 
of  the  State  Government  have  been  carefully  calculated  to  meet 
work  loads.  Every  request  has  had  a  very  thorough  examination, 
and  many  have  been  sharply  reduced  before  being  presented  to 
you.  The  details  of  the  department  operating  requirements  were 
released  to  your  committees  for  their  advance  study  one  month  ago. 
I  follow  this  practice  of  so  informing  you  in  order  that  you  may 
be  thoroughly  advised  of  the  budget  requests  before  the  session  is 
convened. 

Your  special  attention  is  called  to  the  following  items  which 
represent  the  major  increases  in  this  budget. 

Mental  Hygiene 

For  several  years  we  have  been  endeavoring  to  take  our  State 
out  of  the  Asylum  Age  and  establish  it  in  the  Hospital  Age,  where 
a  high  quality  of  medical  care  working  toward  rapid  and  complete 
cure  is  substituted  for  mere  custodial  care.  Improvements  in  the 
quality  of  treatment  authorized  by  the  Legislature  are  now  showing 
substantial  results  in  earlier  discharges  and  shorter  periods  of 
hospitalization.  Six  years  ago  the  average  length  of  time  patients 
remained  in  our  state  hospitals  for  serious  mental  illnesses  was  6.6 
months.  At  the  present  time,  the  average  length  of  such  hospitaliza- 
tion is  4.5  months.  If  these  advances  had  not  been  made  we  would 
now  have  one-third  more  patients  in  our  state  hospitals  or  an  addi- 
tion of  13,000  to  the  total  of  40,000.  This  budget  recommends  funds 
for  modest  augmentation  of  medical,  nursing  and  rehabilitation 
staffs  so  that  still  greater  progress  can  be  made. 

Highway  Patrol 

Accidents  continue  to  take  a  horrible  toll  on  our  highways  in 
both  lives  and  property.  Last  year  3,411  of  our  citizens  were  killed ; 
2,420  of  these  lost  their  lives  on  rural  highways.  In  addition,  95,000 
people  were  injured,  many  thousands  of  them  very  badly  injured. 
We  are  attempting  to  meet  this  problem  in  every  possible  way — 
through  public  safety  programs,  by  driver  education,  by  assigning 
additional  patrolmen  within  our  limited  means  to  the  most  danger- 
ous areas  and  by  sending  flying  squadrons  into  places  of  extreme 
traffic  density.  We  have  received  citations  from  national  safety 
organizations  for  good  highway  engineering  practices,  enlightened 


enforcement  methods  and  for  active  safety  programs.  Our  High- 
way Patrol  is  doing  its  best,  but  all  of  these  things  are  not  enough. 
Traffic  fatalities  increased  15.6  percent  on  our  rural  highways  last 
year.  The  fact  is  the  Patrol  is  of  necessity  spread  too  thinly.  We 
do  not  have  enough  officers  to  man  our  highways.  The  State  must 
have  a  more  adequate  patrol  force,  and  the  reasons  for  this  state- 
ment are  plain.  In  1947  the  Legislature  provided  the  40-hour  week 
as  of  July  1,  1948,  instead  of  the  48-hour  week  which  had  been  in 
existence  prior  to  1948.  This  represented  a  reduction  of  one-sixth 
of  the  patrolmen  available  for  duty  on  the  highways.  Since  that 
time  the  small  increases  in  personnel  authorized  by  the  Legislature 
have  done  little  more  than  compensate  for  that  loss.  To  be  specific, 
the  increase  is  but  5  percent.  On  the  other  hand,  the  number  of 
automobiles  on  our  highways  since  1947  has  increased  by  1,433,000 
or  36  percent.  Since  that  same  date,  the  annual  number  of  accidents 
investigated  by  the  Patrol  has  increased  82  percent.  The  super- 
vision over  the  additional  traffic  occasioned  by  those  1,433,000  auto- 
mobiles and  the  investigation  of  this  increased  number  of  accidents 
have  reduced  the  number  of  officers  actually  patrolling  the  high- 
ways to  the  danger  point  in  practically  every  county  of  the  State. 
It  is  a  proven  fact  that  the  number  of  accidents  on  any  highway 
depend  very  largely  upon  the  number  of  highway  patrolmen  who 
patrol  it.  I  am  therefore  again  recommending  to  you  an  increase 
in  the  strength  of  the  Highway  Patrol  with  a  very  earnest  plea  so 
that  there  may  be  more  effective  traffic  law  enforcement.  Without 
this  we  cannot  hope  to  substantially  reduce  the  appalling  number 
of  traffic  deaths.  The  232  officers  recommended  in  the  budget  rep- 
resent the  equivalent  of  24  cents  annually  for  each  registered 
vehicle.  This  is  indeed  a  small  cost  for  the  added  protection  it  will 
buy  for  every  man,  woman  and  child  in  California. 

University  of  California  and  State  Colleges 

In  recent  years  you  have  authorized  new  state  colleges  at 
Los  Angeles,  Long  Beach,  and  Sacramento,  new  campuses  of  the 
University  of  California  at  Santa  Barbara  and  Riverside,  and 
expanded  activities  at  various  of  its  other  campuses.  These  expan- 
sions in  the  facilities  for  higher  education  have  been  only  partly  in 
operation  in  the  immediate  past  while  awaiting  construction  of 
buildings.  An  increase  of  more  than  $5  million  will  be  required  for 
the  more  nearly  complete  operation  of  these  institutions  in  the 
coming  year. 


Water  Resources 

An  appropriation  of  $800,000  is  proposed  for  preliminary- 
plans  and  surveys  on  the  Feather  River  Project  which  you  author- 
ized at  the  1951  Session.  This  is  a  large  and  important  project.  If 
it  is  to  become  a  reality  in  time  to  help  many  parts  of  our  State 
which  are  badly  in  need  of  water,  there  should  be  no  delay  in  making 
the  surveys  and  preparing  the  preliminary  plans  for  its  realiza- 
tion. There  is  no  more  basic  problem  to  be  solved  in  California 
than  the  conservation  of  water  and  I  again  urge  upon  you  the  great 
importance  of  early  action  on  this  project. 

Price  and  Pay  Increases 

Provision  has  been  made  in  this  budget  to  meet  further  in- 
creases in  prices,  particularly  for  the  larger  items  of  food  and 
clothing  in  the  state  institutions.  A  lump  sum  is  recommended  for 
allocation  to  the  various  institutions  and  departments  supported 
by  the  General  Fund  if  and  when  actual  advances  in  prices  occur. 
It  may  be  interesting  to  point  out  that  in  our  many  state  institu- 
tions we  have  56,167  people  who  must  be  clothed  and  fed  every  day 
of  the  year.  This  means  that  in  a  year  the  State  serves  61,500,000 
meals,  and  an  increase  of  one  cent  per  meal  would  mean  an  addi- 
tional cost  of  $615,000  per  year.  Provision  is  also  made  for  price 
advances  in  the  estimated  cost  of  highway  maintenance  and  other 
activities  financed  from  special  funds. 

As  you  know,  the  State  Personnel  Board  is  required  by  law 
to  recommend  salaries  comparable  to  those  paid  in  private  industry 
and  by  other  public  agencies.  The  board  has  made  its  annual  report 
and  has  recommended  that  funds  be  made  available  to  allow  an 
increase  in  the  pay  of  state  employees  of  approximately  5  percent 
in  the  fiscal  year,  with  some  further  allowance  for  special  equity 
adjustments  including  a  special  increase  for  employees  caring  for 
mental  cases.  The  cost  of  this  recommendation,  including  increases 
already  authorized  but  not  allocated,  amounts  to  $14,200,000  in  the 
next  fiscal  year.  A  proposed  salary  adjustment  item  in  conformity 
with  the  Personnel  Board's  recommendation  is  included  in  the 
budget. 

The  requirements  for  the  functions  above  enumerated  and  for 
the  price  and  pay  increases  account  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
increase  in  the  portion  of  the  budget  dealing  with  the  operating 
expenses  of  the  State  Government. 


CAPITAL  OUTLAY 

Of  necessity  the  capital  outlay  items  in  this  budget  represent 
a  very  substantial  amount  of  money.  Of  the  $222  million  recom- 
mended, the  sum  of  $107  million  is  for  highways,  $35  million  is 
for  education — $17  million  for  the  University,  $17  million  for  the 
state  colleges,  and  $1  million  for  other  educational  institutions. 
$22  million  is  for  mental  hygiene,  $19  million  for  corrections,  $8 
million  for  natural  resources,  $5  million  for  office  space,  and  $24 
million  for  miscellaneous  buildings  and  a  fund  to  meet  the  in- 
creased prices.  These  amounts  represent  projects  for  which  there 
is  an  absolute  and  innnediate  need.  It  is  a  program  which  can  be 
gotten  under  way  within  the  fiscal  year.  We  believe  that  national 
defense  will  have  advanced  to  a  point  where  materials  may  be 
available  for  them.  Delay  in  beginning  this  work  will  inevitably 
mean  that  the  State  has  failed  to  meet  its  obligation  largely  in 
the  care,  treatment,  and  education  of  thousands  of  its  citizens. 
Except  for  the  projects  which  were  deferred  by  action  in  the  1951 
Session,  the  postwar  building  program  for  which  money  was  saved 
between  1943  and  1946,  is  practically  all  either  completed  or  under 
contract.  It  has  relieved  some  of  the  worst  situations  of  over- 
crowding and  hazardous  housing,  but  there  is  still  a  long  way  to 
go  to  meet  our  building  requirements.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  since  1946  our  State  has  increased  in  population  by  another 
2,000,000  people.  There  are  still  hundreds  of  juvenile  delinquents 
being  held  in  local  jails  because  of  lack  of  space  for  them  in  the 
State's  youth  facilities.  There  is  still  a  long  waiting  list  of  chil- 
dren— thousands  of  them — requiring  care  and  treatment  in  state 
homes  for  the  mentally  defective.  There  is  still  much  more  to  do 
at  the  new  state  colleges  and  the  new  campuses  and  graduate  schools 
of  the  University.  Our  state  hospitals  for  the  mentally  ill  are  still 
overcrowded,  and  we  now  have  over  12,000  prisoners  in  our  peni- 
tentiaries. We  cannot  stop  building  so  long  as  our  population  is 
increasing  at  the  rate  of  450,000  each  year,  and  particularly  after 
we  have  been  slowed  down  by  defense  programs. 


LOCAL  ASSISTANCE 

More  than  half  the  budget— $625,000,000— comes  under  the 
general  heading  of  local  assistance. 

Public  Schools 

The  largest  item  is  the  State's  contribution  to  the  support  of 
public  schools,  which  will  amount  to  more  than  $290,800,000  under 
existing  law,  an  increase  of  more  than  $22,500,000  over  the  current 
year.  This  is  explained  largely  by  the  fact  that  there  are  in  our  pub- 
lic schools  this  year  144,000  more  children  than  last  year.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  above  sum,  I  have  included  $12  million  for  the  Equaliza- 
tion Fund  of  the  General  School  Fund  to  assist  those  school  districts 
which,  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  the  State  in  the  past  to  assist  them 
with  their  special  financial  problems,  find  themselves  distressed 
by  the  inflation  which  affects  all  of  us.  In  1946  the  voters  of  Cali- 
fornia approved  a  constitutional  amendment  increasing  the  State's 
support  for  public  schools  to  a  minimum  of  $120  per  unit  of  attend- 
ance. Since  that  time  the  Legislature  has  on  several  occasions  aug- 
mented this  minimum.  The  definition  of  average  daily  attendance 
has  been  liberalized  to  include  absences  due  to  verified  illness.  Pay- 
ments for  the  excess  cost  of  educating  physically  handicapped  chil- 
dren have  been  increased  materially,  and  provision  has  been  made 
for  the  education  of  the  mentally  retarded.  Apportionments  have 
been  placed  on  a  current  year  basis,  thus  correcting  an  inequity  and 
relieving  pressure  in  the  financial  operation  of  growing  school  dis- 
tricts. Special  provision  has  been  made  for  greater  state  assistance 
in  districts  with  low  assessed  valuations  and  for  small  high  schools. 
State  payments  toward  the  cost  of  transportation  of  school  children 
have  been  increased  and  special  incentive  has  been  provided  for  the 
unification  of  schools.  The  State  has  guaranteed  the  interest  and 
redemption  payments  on  school  building  bonds  for  distressed  dis- 
tricts to  the  extent  of  $250,000,000.  The  State  has  granted  $55  mil- 
lion outright  to  the  most  distressed  districts  of  our  State  for  build- 
ing purposes.  Contributions  for  teachers'  retirement  have  been 
liberalized.  All  told,  the  State,  in  addition  to  the  grants  made,  and 
bond  redemption  payments  assumed,,  has  provided  at  least  $50 
million  annually  for  support  of  public  school  activities  over  and 
above  the  constitutional  minimum  since  1946.  This  is  an  impressive 
record,  but  it  does  not  tell  the  full  story  because  in  1946-47  our 

IX 

2—57801 


budget  for  the  public  schools  was  $113  million.  Now,  because  of 
growth  and  further  liberalization  by  the  Legislature,  our  current 
budget  for  the  same  purpose  is  $290  million.  I  am  of  the  opinion, 
however,  that  it  would  be  decidedly  in  the  interests  of  better  educa- 
tion to  increase  the  Equalization  Fund  by  $12  million  to  assist  the 
poorer  districts. 

Many  of  these  districts,  also,  in  spite  of  the  help  the  State 
has  heretofore  afforded  them,  are  still  in  need  of  additional  school 
buildings  after  reaching  the  statutory  limits  in  their  tax  rates  and 
bonded  indebtedness.  The  funds  from  the  bond  issue  have  been 
exhausted  and  it  is  my  belief  that  another  such  bond  issue  should 
be  submitted  to  the  people  in  the  November  election.  If  the  Legis- 
lature desires  to  continue  the  policy  of  assisting  necessitous  school 
districts  in  this  manner  and  submits  such  a  bond  issue,  I  recommend 
that  $40  million  be  loaned  to  the  districts  pending  the  vote  on  the 
bond  issue  and  providing  for  repayment  therefrom  or  in  the  event 
that  the  bond  issue  should  fail,  from  the  funds  of  the  school  district 
on  the  same  terms  as  the  original  bond  issue  for  that  purpose.  Since 
our  State  now  has  a  sizeable  indebtedness  because  of  this  obligation, 
I  recommend  that  when  the  $40  million  is  repaid,  it  be  placed  in  a 
special  fund  for  amortization  of  the  State's  obligation  under  these 
bond  issues.  It  is  sound  business,  and  would  accomplish  the  same 
purpose  as  we  accomplished  in  1943  and  1945  when  you  completely 
amortized  the  entire  outstanding  bonded  indebtedness  of  the  State. 

Social  Welfare 

The  State's  share  of  aid  to  the  aged,  the  blind,  and  needy  chil- 
dren, while  amounting  to  the  very  substantial  sum  of  $151  million, 
is  showing  a  smaller  rate  of  increase  than  in  previous  years,  due 
primarily  to  better  employment  opportunities. 

Shared  Revenues 

Revenues  from  the  automobile  "in  lieu"  tax,  gasoline  tax, 
liquor  licenses,  and  other  shared  taxes  which  the  State  collects  and 
pays  over  to  the  counties  and  cities  will  amount  to  more  than 
$148  million. 


VETERANS  FARM  AND  HOME  LOAN  PROGRAM 

Due  to  accelerated  activity  in  home  purchases  under  the  vet- 
erans farm  and  home  loan  program,  the  money  from  the  last  bond 
issue  of  $100  million  for  that  purpose  has  been  exhausted.  Unless 
some  provision  is  made  by  the  State  to  provide  immediate  addi- 
tional funds  for  that  purpose,  no  homes  for  veterans  can  be 
financed  for  a  period  of  10  months.  There  are  still  many  veterans 
who  need  and  are  entitled  to  this  help  from  the  State.  Many  of 
these  are  wounded  veterans  from  Korea.  It  is  estimated  by  the 
Department  of  Veterans  Affairs  that  it  will  be  necessary  to  finance 
homes  and  farms  to  the  extent  of  $5,500,000  per  month  as  has  been 
the  case  in  recent  months.  I  therefore  recommend  that  we  lend  to 
the  Department  of  Veterans  Affairs  for  this  purpose  either  from 
surplus  or  from  such  other  funds  as  may  be  available  the  sum  of 
$55  million  to  be  repaid  either  from  the  bond  issue  to  be  voted 
on  next  November,  or  in  such  other  manner  as  the  Legislature  may 
prescribe. 

FISCAL  POLICIES 

As  I  stated  to  you  at  the  outset,  the  finances  of  our  State  are 
in  excellent  condition.  The  budget  is  in  balance,  as  it  has  been 
every  year  since  1943.  We  have  amortized  our  general  bonded  in- 
debtedness that  existed  prior  to  that  time,  and  with  the  exception 
of  our  obligation  of  approximately  one-third  of  the  school  bond 
issue  of  $250  million,  we  have  no  outstanding  debt. 

In  1947  you  set  aside  the  so-called  "Rainy  Day  Fund"  as  a 
reserve  for  revenue  deficiency.  In  the  last  10  years,  taxes  have  not 
been  raised  in  California  and  for  six  of  those  years,  taxes  were 
decreased  on  an  average  of  15  percent,  representing  a  saving  to 
the  people  of  approximately  $560  million.  At  the  end  of  this  fiscal 
year  we  will  have  an  estimated  surplus  of  $70  million,  after  making 
provision  for  financing  this  budget.  This  is  a  fiscal  record  of  which 
the  Legislature  may  well  be  proud. 

If  it  were  reasonably  safe  to  do  so,  I  would  again  recommend 
to  you  that  we  reduce  taxes  once  more,  but  I  am  of  the  opinion  that 
we  cannot  do  so  with  safety.  Our  revenues  come  from  taxes  meas- 
ured by  income  and  sales.  The  yields  have  increased  with  the  recent 
expansion  in  business  and  incomes.  The  heavy  wave  of  buying 
which  took  place  after  the  outbreak  of  the  Korean  War  greatly 


increased  receipts  from  the  sales  tax.  Defense  work  and  the  gen- 
eral high  level  of  prices,  wages,  and  farm  and  industrial  income, 
have  resulted  in  revenues  substantially  in  excess  of  previous  years 
and  of  the  estimates  made  in  last  year's  budget. 

A  great  part  of  our  economy  is  geared  to  defense  expendi- 
tures. We  have  no  assurance  that  the  present  high  level  of  our 
tax  yields  will  continue.  On  the  contrary,  there  is  good  reason  to 
expect  declines  as  defense  spending  begins  to  taper  off.  This  is 
the  time  for  careful  planning  of  fiscal  affairs.  While  a  General 
Fund  surplus  of  $70  million  at  the  end  of  the  next  fiscal  year  is 
forecast,  in  a  broader  sense,  the  State  does  not  have  a  surplus 
so  long  as  it  has  outstanding  debt  greater  than  that  amount.  To 
be  fully  on  a  pay-as-you-go  basis,  the  State  should  set  aside  a 
sinking  fund  equal  to  its  proportionate  share  of  the  school  bond 
obligation.  Substantial  installments  should  be  paid  into  such  a 
sinking  fund  until  the  State's  share  of  this  obligation  is  fully 
funded. 

We  cannot  avoid,  even  with  our  most  careful  economies,  an 
increase  in  the  state  budget  in  the  years  ahead.  The  combined 
effects  of  the  great  postwar  increase  in  birthrate  and  heavy 
in-migration  is  really  just  beginning  to  have  its  influence  on  school 
attendance.  As  this  wave  advances  through  the  elementary  and 
secondary  schools  and  then  through  our  colleges  and  university, 
our  annual  outlays  for  schools  and  higher  education  will  inevit- 
ably increase  by  many  millions,  even  if  there  is  no  change  in  the 
unit  costs.  Our  best  estimate  is  that  the  increase  will  be  $39  million 
in  1954-55  Fiscal  Year  over  this  year. 

Welfare  expenditures  during  these  periods  of  full  employ- 
ment have  not  increased  as  much  as  in  previous  years.  Curtailment 
in  defense  activities  will  cause  readjustments  in  the  labor  force 
which  will  make  it  more  difficult  for  aged  and  handicapped  to 
obtain  employment,  and  increased  welfare  costs  are  sure  to  result. 
This  would  add  still  more  millions  to  our  budget. 

More  money  will  be  needed  to  finance  the  State's  share  of  the 
flood  control  projects  which  have  been  authorized. 

The  purchasing  power  of  the  dollar  in  public  construction  is 
diminishing  year  by  year.  In  fact,  we  now  obtain  for  our  dollar 
only  37  cents  of  construction  as  compared  with  one  hundred  cents 
of  construction  in  1939.  In  other  words,  the  approximately  $100 
million  construction  program  recommended  in  this  budget  will 
produce  only  $37  million  dollars  of  construction  as  compared  with 


xn 


12  years  ago.  It  is  also  worth  remembering  in  this  connection  that 
in  a  tax  reduction  program  comparable  to  that  we  had  between 
1943  and  1948,  the  Federal  Government  under  present  tax  schedules 
would  automatically  take  $38  million  out  of  the  $109  million  of  the 
state  tax  reduction  to  our  citizens. 

The  primary  responsibility  of  those  of  us  who  are  charged  with 
the  administration  of  our  state  affairs  is  to  maintain  a  solvent  gov- 
ernment. No  matter  what  other  virtues  government  might  have, 
if  it  is  not  solvent,  it  cannot  be  good  government.  If  we  were  to 
overestimate  our  revenues  of  the  future,  or  underestimate  our 
expenses  in  a  fluctuating  economy  such  as  we  have  at  the  present 
time,  we  might,  by  giving  slight  temporary  relief,  be  the  cause  of 
permanently  injuring  the  credit  of  our  State  and  the  services  it 
renders  to  the  people.  I  urge  you  in  the  interest  of  stability  to  abide 
by  the  fiscal  policies  which  you  established  last  year  as  we  are  doing 
in  all  other  things,  in  the  hope  that  when  the  Legislature  meets 
next  January,  conditions  will  be  more  stable  and  the  road  ahead 
of  us  will  be  more  clearly  discernable. 

Finally,  may  I  remind  you  that  the  surplus  we  are  dealing  with 
was  accumulated  over  prior  years,  with  most  of  it  credited  to  the 
Fiscal  Year  1950-51  as  a  result  of  the  scare  buying  and  defense 
expenditures  occasioned  by  the  Korean  War.  Only  twelve  million 
dollars  of  it  can  be  credited  to  the  current  fiscal  year.  In  no  single 
year  since  World  War  II  have  we  ever  accumulated  a  sum  ap- 
proaching $109  million  in  surplus  and  if  we  should  reduce  our 
income  by  that  amount,  it  is  more  than  possible  that  we  would  end 
the  year  with  a  deficit. 

I  offer  you  my  wholehearted  cooperation  in  your  considera- 
tion of  this  budget. 


Respectfully  submitted, 


Governor 
March  3, 1952 


4 


Letter  of  Transmittal 

Honorable  Eael  Warren,  Governor  of  California 
State  Capitol,  Sacramento,  California 

Dear  Governor  Warren:  Herewith  transmitted  is  the  state 
budget  document  for  the  fiscal  year  beginning  July  1,  1952,  and 
ending  June  30,  1953,  prepared  in  strict  compliance  with  your 
policy  of  holding  expenditures  to  minimum  requirements  for  fully 
justified  needs.  State  operations  are  on  the  basis  of  continuing  the 
program  approved  for  the  present  year,  with  adjustments  for 
increased  prices  and  wages,  growing  population,  and  current 
work  load  conditions. 

The  capital  outlay  portion  of  this  budget  is  comprised  of  badly 
needed  projects  which  should  be  undertaken  without  further  delay. 

Several  changes  have  been  made  in  the  budget  summary  state- 
ments in  the  interest  of  a  clearer  and  more  concise  accounting  of 
fiscal  operations.  An  analysis  of  expenditure  requirements  has 
been  added,  and  the  explanation  of  the  revenue  estimates  has 
been  revised  and  expanded.  The  increase  in  General  Fund  tax 
receipts  and  decrease  in  expenditures  during  1950-51  and  in  the 
current  year,  which  resulted  in  a  substantial  revision  of  the  esti- 
mated state  surplus,  are  fully  explained. 

I  acknowledge  here  the  splendid  cooperation  received  from  the 
directors  of  other  departments  and  the  excellent  work  of  my  own 
staff  in  the  preparation  of  the  budget. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Director  of  Finance 
March  3,  1952 


i 


Summary  Statements 


Schedule     1.     General  Budget  Summary. 

Schedule  1TA.  Reconciliation  of  General  Fund  Accumulated  Surplus  as  of 
June  30,  1952,  as  Estimated  in  the  1951-52  Budget  with  the 
Amount  Estimated  in  the  1952-53  Budget. 

Explanation  of  Budget  Revenue  Estimates 

Schedule  2.  Comparative  Statement  of  Revenues  for  the  Fiscal  Years  1950- 
51,  1951-52  and  1952-53. 


Analysis  of  Expenditure  Requirements 

Schedule  3.  Comparative  Statement  of  Expenditures  by  Character,  Func- 
tion, Organization  Unit  and  Fund  for  the  Fiscal  Years  1950-51, 
1951-52  and  1952-53. 

Schedule    4.     General  Fund,  Statement  of  Financial  Condition,  June  30, 1951. 

Schedule  5.  Summary  of  Fund  Condition  by  Funds  as  of  June  30, 1951,  June 
30,  1952,  and  June  30,  1953. 

Schedule  6.  Statement  of  Balances  in  Other  Treasury  Funds  not  Included 
in  Budget  Totals  as  of  June  30,  1951,  June  30,  1952,  and  June 
30,  1953. 

Schedule  7.  Comparative  Statement  of  Contributions  and  Expenditures  of 
Federal  Aid  Granted  to  the  State  of  California  for  the  Fiscal 
Years  1950-51,  1951-52,  and  1952-53. 

Schedule  8.  Schedule  of  Proposed  Expenditures  by  Method  of  Appropria- 
tion for  the  Fiscal  Year  1952-53. 

Schedule  9.  Comparative  Statement  of  Fixed  Charges  and  Controllable  Ex- 
penditures for  the  Fiscal  Years  1950-51,  1951-52  and  1952-53. 

Schedule  10.  Reconciliation  of  the  1951-52  Budget  with  the  Estimated  Ex- 
penditures for  1951-52  as  Presented  in  the  1952-53  Budget. 

Schedule  11.  Statement  of  Bonded  Debt  of  the  State  of  California  as  of 
November  30,  1951. 


A-l 


Charts 


Chart  1.  Sources  and  Uses  of  State  Funds. 

Chart  2.  Comparative  Revenues  by  Major  Sources. 

Chart  3.  Budget  Dollars. 

Chart  4.  Comparative  Expenditures  for  State  Operations. 

Chart  5.  Comparative  Expenditures  for  Capital  Outlay. 

Chart  6.  Comparative  Expenditures  for  Local  Assistance. 


A- 2 


Schedule   1 
GENERAL   BUDGET   SUMMARY' 


Reference 
schedule 
number 


Actual 
1950-51 


Estimated 
1951-52 


Estimated 
1952-53 


GENERAL  FUND 

ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  BEGINNING  OF  YEAR. 

Add:  Revenues: 

Alcoholic  beverage  taxes  and  licenses 

Bank  and  corporation  income  taxes 

Inheritance  and  gift  taxes 

Insurance  taxes 

Personal  income  taxes 

Retail  sales  taxes 

All  other  revenues 


Total  Revenues 

Transfers  from  other  funds  - 


Total  available  funds. 
Deduct:  Expenditures: 
State  Operations  Budget- _ 

Capital  Outlay  Budget 

Local  Assistance  Budget.. 


Total  Expenditures.. 
Transfers  to  other  funds. 


Total  Expenditures  and  Transfers 

ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  END  OF  YEAR. 


SPECIAL  FUNDS  AND  RESERVES 


ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  BEGINNING  OF  YEAR. 

Add:  Revenues: 

Alcoholic  beverage  licenses 

Horse  racing  revenues 

Motor  vehicle  revenues 

All  other  revenues 


Total  Revenues 

Transfers  from  the  General  Fund- 


Total  Available  Funds- 


Deduct:  Expenditures: 
State  Operations  Budget- 
Capital  Outlay  Budget 

Local  Assistance  Budget- 


Total  Expenditures 

Transfers  to  the  General  Fund- 


ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  END  OF  YEAR. 


CONSOLIDATED  TOTALS,  ALL  FUNDS » 


ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  BEGINNING  OF  YEAR. 
Add:  Revenues 


Total  Available  Funds. 
Deduct:  Expenditures 


ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  END  OF  YEAR. 


Schedule  5 

Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 

Schedule  2 
Schedule  5 


Schedule  3 
Schedule  3 
Schedule  3 

Schedule  3 
Schedule  5 


Schedule  5 


Schedule  5 

Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 
Schedule  2 

Schedule  2 
Schedule  5 


Schedule  3 
Schedule  3 
Schedule  3 

Schedule  3 
Schedule  5 

Schedule  5 


Schedule  5 
Schedule  2 


Schedule  3 
Schedule  5 


S36, 852,071 

19,890,054 
98,245,207 
21,691,622 
23,446,623 
75,890,972 
399,243,093 
33,657,212 


5672,064,783 
437,815 


$709,354,669 

184,008,552 

2,933,522 

400,139,263 


S587,081,337 
1,427,439 


S588,508,776 


5120,845,893 


S432,049,882 

8,106,155 

12,467,810 

274,968,377 

26,435,620 


5321,977,962 
1,427,439 


5755,455,283 


79,046,492 
197,409,643 
142,801,882 


S419,258,017 
437,815 


5335,759,451 


468,901,953 
994,042,745 


SI, 462,944,698 
51,006,339,354 


5456,605,344 


5120,845,893 

18,745,000 
115,250,000 
25,500,000 
25,731,960 
88,100,000 
410,100,000 
28,955,061 


S712,382,021 
159,432 


5833,387,346 

213,466,084 

8,070,669 

429,462,359 


5650,999,112 
50,030,014 


5701,029,126 


>>S132,358,220 


5335,759,451 

8,090,000 

16,151,144 

293,896,875 

27,680,920 


5345,818,939 
50,030,014 


S73 1,608,404 


87,059,268 
208,070,967 
157,204,180 


S452,334,415 
159,432 


5279,114,557 


450,605,344 
1,058,200,960 


Sl,514,806,304 
51,103,333,527 


S411,472,777 


1>S132,358,220 

19,740,000 
118,500,000 
26,600,000 
30,319,153 
91,500,000 
427,100,000 
29,535,360 


S743,294,513 


5875,652,733 

243,890,704 

4,618,139 

468,104,141 


5716,612,984 
89,184,908 


S805,797,892 


569,854,841 


5279,114,557 

8,115,000 

14,930,571 

308,056,250 

28,073,749 


5359,175,570 
89,184,908 


5727,475,035 


93,667,387 
217,425,295 
157,691,604 


S468,784,286 


5258,690,749 


411,472,777 
1,102,470,083 


51,513,942,860 
51,185,397,270 


S328,545,590 


a  The  budget  totals  do  not  include  revenues  or  expenditures  of  federal  funds,  utility  funds,  working  capital  and  revolving  funds,  bond 
funds,  interest  redemption  and  sinking  funds,  trust  and  agency  funds,  and  assessment  funds.  See  Schedule  6  for  summary  of  receipts 
and  disbursement  of  these  funds. 

t>  See  Schedule  1-A  on  following  page  for  reconciliation  of  surplus  with  amount  reported  in  the  previous  budget. 


A-3 


Schedule   1-A 

RECONCILIATION   OF   GENERAL   FUND   ACCUMULATED   SURPLUS   AS  OF  JUNE  30,    1952 
AS   ESTIMATED   IN   THE    1951-52   BUDGET  WITH   THE   AMOUNT   ESTIMATED 

IN   THE    1952-53   BUDGET 

ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  JUNE  30,  1962,  as  estimated  in  the  1951-62 

Budget , 820,736,277 

Effect  of  Legislative  Action  on  the  Budget  and  Re-estimate  of  Revenues: 

Revised  estimate  of  revenues  for  1950-51 $665,306,312 

1951  Budget  estimates. 620,266,892 

Estimated  additional  revenues  for  1950-51 +45,039,420 

Funds  were  provided  for  price  increases  in  cost  of  construction  and  for 

additional  minor  construction $19,000,000 

Provision  was  made  for  civil  defense 12,000,000 

Additional  funds  were  provided  for  school  apportionments 13,475,000 

Action  to  extend  the  availability  of  construction  appropriations  in  the 
Postwar  Employment  Reserve  Fund  precluded  the  reversion  and  trans- 
fer to  the  General  Fund ---  4,044,693 

Other  changes  were  made  in  authorized  expenditures 3,472,124               — 51,991,817 

ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  after  giving  effect  to  revised  estimate 

of  revenues  and  legislative  action  (as  reported  August  16, 1961) $13,783,880 

Effect  of  Revised  Estimates  of  Revenues  and  Expenditures  as  Presented  in 
the  1962-53  Budget: 
Increase  in  Estimated  Revenues: 
For  the  1950-51  Fiscal  Year: 

1952  Budget  estimates - $672,064,783 

Previous  estimates ---  665,306,312  $6,758,471 

For  the  1951-52  Fiscal  Year: 

1952  Budget  estimates $712,382,021 

1951  Budget  estimates 641,033,620  71,348,401 

TOTAL  INCREASE  IN  REVENUE  ESTIMATES +$78,106,872 

Decrease  in  estimated  expenditures  for  the  1950-51  and  1951-52  Fiscal 
Years: 

Civil  defense  program  delayed  until  the  1952-53  Fiscal  Year $4,018,139 

Old-age  security,  decrease  in  estimated  cost 12,426,956 

Aid  to  needy  children,  decrease  in  estimated  cost 3,686,006 

Savings  in  all  other  authorized  expenditures 20,336,367 

TOTAL  DECREASE  IN  ESTIMATED  EXPENDITURES +40,467,468 

ACCUMULATED  SURPLUS,  JUNE  30,  1952,  as  estimated  in  the 

1952-53  Budget - $132,358,220 


A- 4 


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A- 6 


Budget  Revenue  Estimates 


Under  present  conditions  it  is  particularly  important  to 
preface  any  forecast  of  state  revenues  with  an  inventory  of 
the  many  uncertainties  in  the  economic  outlook.  Chief  among 
these  are  the  questions  of  war  or  truce  in  Korea,  international 
friction,  and  the  unrest  in  Asia,  the  Middle  East  and  North 
Africa.  Others  include  the  national  policy  in  matters  of 
defense  and  fiscal  affairs,  use  and  effectiveness  of  economic 
controls,  ability  of  the  Nation's  industrial  machine  to  meet 
the  demands  for  military  and  civilian  goods,  price  trends, 
and  consumer  reactions  in  an  abnormal  market.  These  and 
many  others  are  factors  in  an  equation  which  will  determine 
the  State's  revenue  during  the  next  18  months.  Conditions 
are  changing  daily  and  will  continue  to  change.  Since 
future  developments  cannot  be  known  at  this  time,  assump- 
tions must  be  made  on  the  basis  of  apparent  trends  and 
prevailing  opinion.  These  assumptions  are  outlined  in  the 
material  which  follows. 

State  revenues  are  estimated  to  reach  $1,102,470,083 
during  the  1952-53  Fiscal  Tear.  This  represents  an  in- 
crease of  4.2  percent  over  the  revised  total  anticipated 
in  the  current  year,  and  10.9  percent  more  than  was  re- 
ceived during  1950-51.  Of  this  total,  $743,294,513  will 
accrue  to  the  State  General  Fund  and  $359,175,570  will 
go  to  the  various  special  funds  and  reserves.  Each  of 
these  amounts  is  above  the  revised  figure  for  the  year  in 
progress  and  is  considerably  greater  than  actual  re- 
ceipts during  the  year  which  ended  June  30, 1951.  Com- 
parative totals  are  shown  in  the  following  table : 

COMPARATIVE  STATE  REVENUES 
(In  Thousands  of  Dollars) 

Actual  Estimated       Estimated 

General  Fund :  1950-51  1951-52  1952-53 

$399,243         $410,100         $427,100 


Sales  and  Use  Taxes__ 
Bank  and  Corporation 

Franchise  Tax 98,245 

Personal  Income  Tax 75,891 

Insurance  Tax 23,043 

Inheritance  and  Gift 

Taxes 23,671 

Alcoholic  Beverage  Taxes  19,890 

Other  Revenues 32,082 


115,250 
88,100 
25,281 

25,500 
18,745 
29,406 


118,500 
91,500 
29,765 

26,600 
19,740 
30,090 


$712,382  $743,295 


Total,  General  Fund„_  $672,065 
Special  Funds  and  Reserves: 

Motor  Vehicle  Fuel  Taxes  $149,907  $160,121  $168,021 

Motor  Vehicle  Fees 125,061  133,776  140,035 

Other  Revenues 47,010  51,922  51.119 

Totals,  Special  Funds__  $321,978  '     $345,819  $359,175 


Grand  Totals,  Revenue $994,043       $1,058,201       $1,102,470 

Current  Year  Revenue 

The  estimate  of  revenue  to  be  received  during  1951- 
52  as  shown  in  this  budget  represents  a  substantial  re- 
vision over  the  amount  forecast  a  year  ago.  Economic 
activity  has  been  maintained  at  a  higher  level  than  was 
anticipated  for  this  period  when  the  original  estimates 
were  prepared  in  December  of  1950.  To  some  extent 
this  development  reflects  the  delay  in  the  conversion 
from  civilian  goods  to  war  materials  and  to  some  extent 
it  is  caused  by  the  high  proportion  of  defense  contracts 
negotiated  in  California. 

The  $1,058,201,000  total  revenue  now  estimated  for 
the  current  year  compares  with  $969,681,000  shown  in 
the  previous  budget,  an  increase  of  $88,520,000,  or  9.1 
percent.  Special  fund  receipts  have  been  changed  only 


moderately,  but  General  Fund  revenues  have  been  in- 
creased from  the  original  estimate  of  $641  million  a 
year  ago  to  $712  million  as  now  revised  for  the  current 
year.  A  comparison  of  the  original  and  revised  esti- 
mates of  General  Fund  revenue  from  principal  sources 
follows : 

Estimated  Revenue,  1951-52  (In  Millions) 

Percent 


Original 
Sales  and  Use  Taxes..  $376.2 
Bank  and  Corporation 

Franchise 99.2 

Personal  Income 71.5 

Inheritance  and  Gift  __       22.7 

Alcoholic  Beverages 18.0 

Insurance 25.1 

All  Other 28.3 


Total $641.0 


Revised 
$410.1 

115.3 

88.1 
25.5 
18.7 
25.3 
29.4 

$712.4 


Increase   Increase 


$33.9 

16.1 
16.6 
2.8 
0.7 
0.2 
1.1 

$71.4 


9.0 

16.2 

23.2 

12.3 

3.9 

0.8 

3.9 

11.1 


Most  of  the  $71  million  increase  in  the  estimate  of 
General  Fund  revenue  this  year  can  be  traced  directly 
to  the  sales,  bank  and  corporation  franchise,  and  per- 
sonal income  tax  yields.  The  forecasts  of  receipts  from 
other  sources  appear  to  be  well  within  an  acceptable 
margin  of  error,  especially  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
most  of  the  difference  arises  from  collections  of  the 
unpredictable  inheritance  and  gift  tax  levies. 

Four  developments  contribute  largely  to  the  increase 
in  sales  tax  collections  in  the  current  year :  ( 1 )  a  high 
level  of  building  activity;  (2)  continued  availability 
of  consumers'  durable  goods;  (3)  larger  consumer  in- 
comes; and  (4)  higher  price  levels  than  anticipated. 
A  year  ago  the  volume  of  residential  building  in  Cali- 
fornia during  1951  was  expected  to  drop  one-third 
below  the  record  volume  of  1950,  as  a  result  of  credit 
controls  and  material  shortages.  Industrial,  commer- 
cial, and  public  construction  was  expected  to  increase, 
but  not  sufficiently  to  offset  the  decline  in  residential 
activity.  In  contrast  with  this  outlook,  preliminary  data 
on  actual  building  last  year  indicate  only  a  slight  de- 
crease in  expenditures  for  new  dwellings,  more  than 
offset  by  an  increase  in  total  volume  of  other  construc- 
tion. 

Consumer  durable  goods,  such  as  automobiles  and 
household  appliances,  were  assumed  to  become  in  short 
supply  as  materials  were  diverted  to  defense  produc- 
tion. While  production  was  reduced  during  the  year, 
stocks  in  the  hands  of  manufacturers  and  retailers 
proved  ample  to  meet  current  demand,  and  taxable 
sales  during  the  calendar  year  1951  appear  to  be  only 
slightly  below  the  record  established  in  1950. 

The  aggregate  income  of  California  residents  last 
year  is  now  estimated  at  $20.8  billion,  against  the  fore- 
cast of  $19.8  billion.1  Higher  federal  income  taxes 
absorbed  part  of  the  increase,  but  consumer  spending 
last  year  is  now  estimated  at  $17.7  billion,  compared 
with  the  forecast  of  $17.1  billion  in  the  budget  revenue 
statement  last  year.2  Judging  from  experience,  this 
$600,000,000  increase  would  normally  generate  ap- 
proximately $14,000,000  of  sales  tax  revenue. 

Running  through  these  other  differences  is  the  fact 
that  the  inflation  spiral  touched  off  by  the  Korean  War 
continued  through  January,  1951,  and  rising  prices 

i  State  Budget,  1951-52,  page  A-21. 
2  State  Budget,  1951-52,  page  A-22. 


A-7 


characterized  most  of  last  year.  Retail  prices  averaged 
7.4  percent  above  the  September,  1950,  benchmark.  This 
is  almost  half  again  the  rate  of  increase  used  in  the 
budget  revenue  projections.3 

Higher  Incomes 

Reversal  of  the  down  trend  in  corporate  profits  be- 
tween 1949  and  1950  was  unexpectedly  sharp.  For  the 
Nation  as  a  whole,  corporate  earnings  rose  nearly  50 
percent,  and  the  gain  in  taxable  earnings  of  corpora- 
tions doing  business  in  California  was  even  larger. 
Against  an  estimated  increase  of  25  percent  over  1949, 
returns  filed  with  the  State  last  year  disclosed  an  actual 
increase  of  54  percent.  Since  the  estimate  of  1950  earn- 
ings necessarily  became  the  benchmark  for  forecasting 
1951,  actual  receipts  from  this  source  are  now  expected 
to  exceed  the  previous  estimate  for  the  current  fiscal 
year  by  approximately  16  percent. 

Changes  in  the  composition  of  income  received  by  in- 
dividuals have  an  important  bearing  upon  state  reve- 
nues because  of  the  graduated  tax  rates  on  personal 
income.  To  a  great  extent,  these  changes  are  not  known 
until  the  returns  are  filed,  tabulated,  and  analyzed — 
more  than  a  year  after  the  revenue  estimate  must  be 
completed.  Differences  in  taxable  income  below  $5,000 
generate  tax  at  a  1  percent  rate,  whereas  changes  in 
brackets  above  $25,000  produce  tax  at  a  6  percent 
rate.  Property  income,  such  as  dividends  and  rents, 
showed  a  particularly  large  increase  during  1950,  and 
this  type  of  income  is  concentrated  in  the  upper 
brackets  where  rates  are  higher.  Against  an  estimated 
increase  of  5  percent  in  the  tax  to  be  paid  on  account 
of  property  income  and  67  percent  in  the  tax  generated 
by  capital  gains  during  1950  under  the  projections 
made  last  year,  a  preliminary  analysis  of  tax  returns 
shows  an  improvement  of  40  percent  in  the  tax  on  prop- 
erty income  and  97  percent  for  capital  gains.  These  two 
factors  account  for  most  of  the  $16.6  million  added  to 
the  revised  estimate  of  personal  income  tax  for  the  cur- 
rent fiscal  year. 

THE   1952  OUTLOOK 

International  developments  will  determine  basic  eco- 
nomic trends  in  this  country  during  1952,  just  as  they 
have  in  the  last  two  years.  Uncertainty  and  the  foment- 
ing of  world  unrest  are  twin  instruments  of  communist 
foreign  policy.  For  this  reason  it  is  almost  futile  to 
speculate  on  the  course  of  world  affairs,  and  it  is  im- 
possible to  predict  developments  with  any  degree  of 
assurance.  Two  conclusions  appear  to  be  warranted, 
however :  (1)  the  Korean  War  is  but  one  manifestation 
of  the  deep  conflict  between  democracy  and  com- 
munism; (2)  national  self-interest  demands  a  vast 
rearmament  program  which  must  be  prosecuted  along 
present  plans  for  at  least  two  more  years,  despite  the 
possibility  of  a  seeming  reversal  in  communist  policy, 
truce  agreements,  or  a  peace  offensive. 

National  defense  will  provide  a  powerful  sustaining 
force  in  the  Nation's  economy,  not  only  because  of  the 
sums  involved,  but  also  because  of  the  program's 
urgency  and  inflexibility.  According  to  the  federal 
budget,  cash  payments  for  defense  and  related  func- 
tions during  1952-53  will  be  $62  billion,  compared  with 
$47  billion  in  the  current  year  and  $25  billion  in  fiscal 
1951.  For  the  most  part,  these  expenditures  are  not 

''ibid. 


contingent  upon  budget  approval.  They  represent  pay- 
ments on  obligations  already  incurred.  Nearly  one-fifth 
of  the  national  product  will  be  directed  toward  accom- 
plishing this  goal.  Total  federal  expenditures  in  the 
next  year  are  estimated  to  reach  $87.2  billion,  while 
cash  receipts  from  the  public  are  expected  to  be  $76.8 
billion.4  Unless  the  $10  billion  deficiency  is  narrowed 
by  heavier  tax  levies  or  noninflationary  borrowing,  the 
outpouring  of  defense  funds,  coupled  with  a  reduction 
in  civilian  goods,  will  constitute  a  potentially  powerful 
inflationary  force  in  the  economy. 

In  addition  to  providing  an  element  of  strength 
which  might  otherwise  be  absent,  defense  production 
will  have  a  far-reaching  effect  upon  many  segments  of 
the  economy.  Productive  capacity  is  being  expanded — 
particularly  in  the  metal  working  industries,  electric 
power  generation,  chemical  production,  petroleum  re- 
fining, and  the  manufacturing  of  aircraft.  Employ- 
ment in  defense  and  related  activities  will  require  the 
addition  of  1-?,-  million  workers  to  the  labor  force,  while 
a  million  others  are  expected  to  move  into  defense  work 
from  less  essential  lines.5  A  relatively  tight  labor 
market  undoubtedly  will  result  in  some  upgrading  of 
skills,  higher  wage  rates,  and  possibly  an  increase  in 
the  hours  of  work  per  week.  Metal  shortages  have  al- 
ready required  drastic  limitations  upon  the  production 
of  motor  vehicles,  radios,  television  sets,  stoves,  and 
household  appliances.  Controls  have  been  imposed  on 
residential  and  commercial  building  in  order  to  free 
both  supplies  and  labor  for  the  task  of  industrial  ex- 
pansion. Production  goals  in  agriculture  have  been 
established  moderately  above  the  levels  of  last  year  and 
support  prices  for  agricultural  products  in  general 
will  be  high.  This  general  pattern,  with  some  tapering 
off  in  plant  expansion,  is  likely  to  prevail  throughout 
the  current  year  and  well  into  1953. 

With  increased  employment,  higher  wage  rates,  and 
capacity  output  in  almost  every  segment  of  the 
economy,  the  national  product  is  expected  to  reach  a 
new  peak  in  1952.  A  majority  of  the  forecasts  place  the 
gross  national  production  at,  or  near,  $350  billion,  com- 
pared with  $326.8  billion  in  1951.  Personal  incomes  are 
estimated  to  increase  from  $251  billion  in  the  year  just 
ended  to  $267  billion  in  1952.  A  part  of  this  gain  will 
be  absorbed  by  higher  taxes,  but  income  after  taxes 
will  also  advance  appreciably — from  approximately 
$223  billion  last  year  to  $235  billion  in  the  current 
period. 

At  any  time  an  outpouring  of  money  unaccompanied 
by  a  parallel  increase  in  consumer  goods  is  inflationary. 
It  adds  to  the  volume  of  spendable  income  without,  at 
the  same  time,  expanding  the  volume  of  merchandise 
available  for  consumption.  This  pattern  is  particularly 
characteristic  of  a  war  period,  when  money  is  paid  out 
for  the  production  of  material  which  cannot  satisfy 
consumer  needs.  Unless  the  excess  money  is  recaptured 
in  the  form  of  taxes,  the  economic  stage  is  set  for  infla- 
tion, and  neither  artificial  controls  nor  savings  will 
have  much  long-term  effect.  Although  increased  pro- 
ductivity in  such  non-durable  lines  as  textiles,  apparel, 
and  food  may  absorb  a  part  of  the  excess  purchasing 
power  during  1952,  and  personal  savings  may  continue 
at  the  abnormally  high  rate  registered  in  most  of  last 

'  See  Special  Analysis  A,  Budget  of  the  United  States  Government, 
Fiscal  Tear  Ending  June  30,   1953,  page  1143. 

5  Council  of  Economic  Advisors,  Annual  Economic  Review,  1952. 
Economic  Report  of  the  President,  1952,  page  106. 


A-8 


year,  underlying  conditions  are  basically  inflationary. 
Prices  may  be  relatively  stable  in  the  first  quarter  of 
1952,  as  federal  income  tax  payments  absorb  purchas- 
ing power.  Later,  however,  the  full  effect  of  deficit 
spending  will  be  felt,  and  opinion  is  heavily  on  the  side 
of  further  moderate  price  increases  during  the  ad- 
vanced phases  of  the  defense  build-up. 

In  general,  economic  activity  in  California  should 
follow  the  national  pattern.  This  State  received  13 
percent  of  the  defense  contracts  negotiated  through 
mid-1951,  and  although  this  share  may  decline  as  new 
defense  plant  facilities  are  completed  in  other  parts 
of  the  Nation,  California  will  continue  to  produce  a 
disproportionate  part  of  the  Country's  vital  aircraft 
needs.  "While  this  State  has  not  participated  in  the 
expansion  of  heavy  industry,  there  has  been  great 
activity  in  machinery  and  equipment,  electrical  instru- 
ments, and  in  the  network  of  subsidiary  plants  which 
supply  parts  and  assemblies  for  the  construction  of 
today's  extremely  complex  military  planes. 

Population  growth  during  the  budget  period  is  ex- 
pected to  follow  the  trend  of  recent  years.  Prom  a 
census  total  of  10,586,223  on  April  1, 1950,  the  number 
of  California  residents  increased  to  an  estimated 
11,100,000  on  July  1,  1951.  Projections  to  the  corres- 
ponding July  dates  in  1952  and  1953  show  totals  of 
11,460,000  and  11,800,000,  respectively.  Judged  on  the 
basis  of  partial  data,  natural  increase  (excess  of  births 
over  deaths)  in  1951  reached  152,000  as  against  a 
145,000  level  reported  in  the  two  previous  years.  Avail- 
able indicators  point  to  a  continuing  wave  of  new  resi- 
dents through  migration  from  other  areas. 

Economic  Indexes 

In  order  to  have  meaning,  revenue  estimates  must  be 
derived  from  a  foundation  of  consistent  economic  data. 
This  implies  estimates  or  assumptions  regarding  such 
factors  as  national  production  and  income,  consumer 
expenditures  and  savings,  price  trends,  and  population 
growth.  The  most  widely  used,  as  well  as  the  most  con- 
venient framework  for  these  basic  estimates,  are  the 
national  economic  accounts  developed  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Commerce.  In  formulating  the 
estimates  contained  in  the  adjacent  table,  advice  has 
been  obtained  from  national  economists  and  from  ana- 
lysts familiar  with  California  conditions.  Amounts 
shown  are  in  general  agreement  with  predictions  made 
elsewhere  regarding  probable  trends  in  1952.  They  rest 
on  two  fundamental  assumptions:  (1)  absence  of  war  or  wide- 
spread police  action  in  which  the  United  States  may  be  an 
active  participant;  and  (2)  prosecution  of  the  defense 
program  according  to  present  schedule.  A  subordinate 
assumption  is  made  that  federal  tax  rates  will  not  be 
increased  during  the  budget  period. 

GENERAL  FUND  REVENUE 

Slightly  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  State's  total 
revenue  during  1952-53  will  accrue  to  the  General 
Fund,  according  to  the  estimates  presented  in  this 
budget.  The  $743,295,000  anticipated  for  support  of 
general  activities  represents  an  increase  of  $30,913,000, 
or  4.3  percent,  over  the  revised  forecasts  for  the  cur- 
rent year  and  $71,231,000  more  than  was  received  in 
the  period  ending  June  30, 1951.  Gains  over  the  current 
year  are  expected  for  all  principal  sources.  In  only  one 
respect  are  figures  for  the  three  years  1950-51  through 


ECONOMIC  INDEXES 
(Selected  Major  Items) 

1950             1951  195.: 
Actual    Preliminary  Estimated 

(Billions)    (Billions)  (Billions) 

Gross  National  Production..,      $2S2.6          $326.8  $350.0 

Personal  Expenditures 193.6            204.4  218.0 

Durable  Goods 29.2              27.1  25.0 

Non-durables 102.3            110.6  121.0 

Services    62.1              66.7  72.0 

Private  Investment 48.9               58.8  47.0 

New  Construction 22.1              22.2  18.0 

Producers'  Euipment 22.5              27.6  28.0 

Change  in  Inventories 4.3                 9.1  - 

Net  Foreign  Investment — 2.3                0.1  1.0 

Government  Purchases 42.5              63.5  85.0 

National  Security 18.9              37.8  60.0 

Other  Federal 3.9                4.1  4.0 

State  and  Local 19.7              21.6  21.0 

Personal  Income $224.7          $251.2  $267.0 

Less :  Personal  Taxes 20.5               28.4  32.0 

Equals:  Disposable  Income        204.2            222.8  235.0 

Income  of  Californians $18.5            $20.8  $22.0 

Less :  Personal  Income 

Taxes    1.6                2.6  3.2 

Equals :  Disposable  Income          16.9              18.2  18.8 

Spendable  Resources  *  of  the 

People  of  California $17.1            $17.7  $18.2 

1950             1951  1952 

Actual    Preliminary  Estimated 
Price  Indexes  (National  Data)  : 
Consumer  Prices 

(1935-39  =  100)   171.9           185.3  192.0 

Retail  Prices 

(1935-39  =  100)   189.0            206.8  217.0 

Wholesale  Prices 

(1926=100)    161.5           180.5  187.0 

California  Population,  July  1 

(thousands)   10,634.0       11,100.0  11,460.0 

Employment  in  California 
Average  for  Tear 

(thousands) 4,244.7        4,484.0  4,575.0 

*  Spendable  resources  include  allowances  for  change  in  liquid  asset  holdings  of  indi- 
viduals such  as  money,  bank  accounts,  and  savings  bonds,  and  change  in  short-term 

consumer  credit.  Amounts  are  estimated  by  the  State  Department  of  Finance. 
Source:  Data  for  1950  and  1951  compiled  by  federal  and  state  agencies.  1952  data 

estimated   by    State    Department    of   Finance,    Division    of  Budgets   and 
Accounts. 


1952-53  not  generally  comparable :  $2,000,000  of  horse- 
racing  revenue  formerly  going  to  the  General  Fund 
has  been  diverted  to  special  purposes,  beginning  in  the 
current  year. 

Under  California's  tax  structure  more  than  85  per 
cent  of  the  State's  General  Fund  revenue  is  derived 
from  three  sources :  the  levy  on  sales  of  tangible  per- 
sonal property  for  consumption ;  the  bank  and  corpo- 
ration franchise  tax  measured  by  income ;  and  the  in- 
come tax  on  individuals.  The  close  connection  between 
economic  conditions  and  yields  from  these  sources  has 
already  been  noted.  Any  increase  or  decline  in  retail 
trade  is  reflected  in  sales  tax  receipts  within  a  period 
of  four  months  at  the  most.  Changes  in  corporate  earn- 
ings affect  tax  collections  within  three  months  of  the 
closing  of  corporate  accounts.  And  fluctuations  in  per- 
sonal income  during  any  calendar  year  start  to  influ- 
ence state  revenues  in  the  first  few  months  of  the  suc- 
ceeding year.  In  this  relationship,  the  income  of  State 
Government  is  almost  abreast  of  current  economic  con- 
ditions. There  is  little  buoyancy  to  sustain  the  Treasury 
after  a  turn  in  the  business  cycle.  Only  in  the  case  of 
taxes  on  inheritances,  insurance  companies  and  banks, 


A-9 


3—57801 


and  in  the  auditing  of  tax  returns  does  the  receipt  of 
revenue  lag  appreciably  behind  the  taxable  event. 

State  taxes  in  general  are  proportionate  to  eco- 
nomic activity.  A  given  increase  or  decrease  in  trade, 
corporate  income,  or  liquor  sales,  for  example,  produces 
a  corresponding  change  in  tax  collections.  Only  one- 
sixth  of  the  revenue  is  obtained  from  levies  which  em- 
ploy a  variation  in  rates  as  the  status  of  a  specific  tax- 
payer changes.  These  include  the  personal  income, 
inheritance,  and  gift  taxes,  and  pari-mutuel  racing  fees. 

Sales  Tax-$427,100,000 

Receipts  from  the  sales  and  use  taxes  in  the  coming 
fiscal  year  are  estimated  to  be  $427,100,000,  compared 
with  $410,100,000  during  the  current  period  and  $399,- 
243,093  in  1950-51.  A  comparison  of  these  sums,  how- 
ever, does  not  disclose  the  changes  anticipated  in  tax- 
able transactions  as  non-durable  goods  remain  in  ample 
supply  and  consumer  durables  become  short.  Moreover, 
it  must  be  noted  that  sales  tax  collections  during  1950- 
51  were  inflated  materially  by  the  two  waves  of  scare 
buying  which  swept  the  Country  after  the  outbreak  of 
the  Korean  War — first  in  July  and  August  of  1950  and 
again  in  January-February,  1951.  Approximately  $20 
million  was  added  to  the  normal  volume  of  sales  tax 
by  this  rush  on  the  part  of  consumers  and  industry 
to  purchase  goods  in  advance  of  anticipated  scarcity. 
In  some  measure,  the  $410  million  sales  tax  estimated 
for  the  current  year  represents  a  reaction  to  the  earlier 
excesses. 

Two  methods  have  been  employed  to  estimate  taxable 
sales  of  tangible  personal  property  during  the  period 
covered  by  this  budget.6  One  was  based  upon  the 
average  relationship  between  taxable  sales  and  the  esti- 
mated spendable  income  of  civilians  in  California 
during  the  16  years  1935  through  1950. 7  Based  on  this 
relationship,  estimated  civilian  spendable  resources 
of  $17.7  billion  during  1952  should  result  in  taxable 
sales  of  $13.1  billion.  Although  the  procedure  relies 
on  crude  relationships,  the  average  error,  excluding 
war  years,  has  been  approximately  $175  million  (equal 
to  $5,250,000  in  tax),  while  the  net  error  has  been  $115 
million  (equal  to  $3,450,000  in  tax).  Chief  weaknesses 
are  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  approximately  30 
percent  of  the  current  tax  is  generated  by  building 
activity  and  sales  of  industrial  equipment  and  sup- 
plies. Changes  in  these  items  may  not  be  measured  by 
changes  in  the  volume  of  consumer  spending. 

The  second  method  of  estimation  involves  an  analysis 
of  sales  in  the  44  trade  and  industrial  classifications 
reported  by  the  State  Board  of  Equalization.  Where 
population  and  prices  are  important  factors,  taxable 
sales  have  been  reduced  to  per  capita  amounts  in  dollars 
of  constant  value.  Trends  revealed  by  this  procedure 
were  projected  through  1952  and  the  first  quarter  of 
the  following  year.  Allowance  was  made  for  an  increase 

6  In  preparing  revenue  estimates,  calendar  year  data  are  used 
almost  exclusively  in  order  to  take  full  advantage  of  such  re- 
lated material  as  census  reports,  income  payments,  and  other 
economic  data.  All  estimates  include  assessments  of  addi- 
tional tax,  interest,  and  penalties  as  a  result  of  the  audit  pro- 
grams of  tax  administering  agencies.  Calendar  year  estimates 
are  apportioned  to  fiscal  years  on  the  basis  of  ratios  during 
recent  years. 

'The  correlation  equation:  Taxable  sales  equal  — .885  plus  .788 
times  spendable  resources.  As  used  in  this  formula,  spendable 
resources  include  civilian  income  less  federal  and  state  in- 
come taxes  plus  or  minus  the  increase  or  decrease  in  short- 
term  consumer  credit,  minus  or  plus  the  increase  or  decrease 
in  liquid  assets.  Civilian  income  is  used  in  order  to  avoid  as 
much  as  possible  of  the  distortion  during  the  war  years. 


in  the  per  capita  consumption  of  non-durables  and  cer- 
tain luxury  items,  for  growth  in  population,  and  for  a 
price  increase  of  5  percent  from  the  1951  average.  With 
these  data  as  a  basis,  dollar  volume  of  sales  in  each 
group  was  projected  for  the  new  budget  period.  Where 
motor  vehicle  ownership  appeared  to  be  the  determin- 
ing factor,  the  same  method  was  used  by  relating 
taxable  sales  to  motor  vehicle  registrations.  Taxable 
sales  of  industrial  machinery  and  equipment  have  been 
estimated  on  the  basis  of  advice  obtained  from  leading 
establishments  in  the  field  regarding  the  probable 
volume  of  business  activity,  or  on  the  basis  of  informa- 
tion obtained  from  trade  journals. 

Three  principal  deviations  were  made  from  this 
general  technique:  sales  of  building  materials  were 
estimated  to  fall  14  percent  below  the  indicated  total 
for  1951  (sharply  reduced  residential  and  commercial 
building,  partially  offset  by  somewhat  larger  industrial 
construction)  ;  a  decline  of  one-third  was  taken  in  sales 
of  household  appliances ;  and  unit  sales  of  new  motor 
vehicles  were  reduced  30  percent  from  1951,  in  line 
with  restricted  vehicle  production.  The  dollar  volume 
of  used  vehicles,  accessories,  and  parts  was  estimated 
to  increase  12.6  percent,  partly  due  to  higher  prices 
and  partly  to  the  fact  that  a  larger  number  of  vehicles 
will  be  in  need  of  replacement  parts.  A  summary  of 
the  estimate  prepared  by  this  method  follows : 

Taxable  Sales  (In  Millions)  Percent. 

Principal  Est.  Est.  change 

Products  Sold  1950  1951*  1952  1951-52 

Non-durable  goods $4,953  $5,485  $6,039  +10.1 

Consumer  durables  t  —  1,149  1,168  1,113  — 4.7 

Motor  vehicles— new  ___  1,300  1,104  865  —21.6 
Motor  vehicles — used, 

supplies,  and  parts 1,289  1,464  1,649  +12.6 

Building  materials 1,511  1,631  1,400  —14.2 

Producers'  equipment 

and  supplies  t 1,951  2,332  2,450  +5.1 

Unallocated    106  143  151  +5.6 

Total $12,259  $13,327  $13,667  +2.5 

*  Three  quarters  actual  and  one  quarter  estimated. 
t  Other  than  motor  vehicles  and  building  materials. 

Since  the  possible  errors  in  this  method  are  large,  due 
to  inadequate  information  and  mistakes  in  judgment, 
the  estimate  of  total  taxable  sales  during  calendar  1952 
AYas  rounded  to  $13.5  billion,  representing  a  reasonable 
point  between  the  results  obtained  under  each  of  the 
two  procedures.  This  compares  with  $13.3  billion  esti- 
mated for  1951  and  $12.3  billion  in  1950.  With  allow- 
ance for  somewhat  greater  supplies  of  durable  goods 
and  higher  prices  in  the  early  months  of  1953,  self- 
assessed  tax  in  1952-53  was  estimated  at  $410,000,000. 
Audit  assessments  are  expected  to  return  $15,800,000, 
while  sales  tax  on  refunds  of  gasoline  tax  should  pro- 
duce $1,200,000.  Permit  fees  are  estimated  at  $100,000. 

Franchise  Tax— $118,500,000 

Revenue  from  the  bank  and  corporation  franchise  tax 
will  depend  upon  profits  before  federal  income  tax 
during  the  1951  and  1952  calendar  years.  Approxi- 
mately 58  percent  of  the  tax  liability  incurred  on  last 
year's  earnings  will  be  paid  before  June  30, 1952,  while 
42  percent  will  fall  into  the  1952-53  Fiscal  Year.  Simi- 
larly, 58  percent  of  the  tax  incxtrred  on  1952  operations 
will  be  received  before  June  30,  1953. 

Bank  and  corporation  franchise  tax  collections  dur- 
ing 1952-53  are  estimated  at  $118,500,000,  compared  to 
$115,250,000  in  the  current  period  and  $98,245,207 


A-10 


actually  received  in  the  year  ending  June  30, 1951.  Each 
of  these  totals  includes  collections  under  the  supple- 
mentary levy  known  as  the  corporation  income  tax. 

Despite  shortcomings  of  the  sampling  process  indi- 
cated in  the  findings  last  year,  it  is  the  only  satisfactory 
method  of  obtaining  advance  information  on  corporate 
profits.  While  a  margin  of  error  occurred  in  the  1950 
sample,  satisfactory  results  were  obtained  in  the  two 
previous  years,  and  the  sample  now  used  has  been  com- 
pletely revised  and  enlarged.  Greater  industrial  cover- 
age has  been  obtained  and  there  is  better  representation 
of  small  firms.  In  taking  the  current  sample,  letters 
were  sent  to  577  banks  and  corporations  operating  in 
California,  requesting  an  estimate  of  taxable  earnings 
in  1951.  Usable  replies  were  received  from  424  of  these 
firms  representing  46.7  percent  of  the  tax  base.  On  the 
basis  of  this  information  it  is  estimated  that  earnings 
subject  to  the  state  tax  increased  from  $2,655,000,000 
in  1950  to  $2,705,000,000  last  year— a  gain  of  2  percent. 
Since  national  data,  which  are  still  subject  to  revision, 
indicate  a  gain  of  8  percent  over  1950,  the  sample  re- 
sult may  be  somewhat  low,  but  no  sound  basis  exists  for 
making  a  revision  in  the  figure.  Tax  on  this  volume  of 
earnings  at  the  rate  of  4  percent  indicates  a  self -assessed 
tax  of  $108,200,000  on  returns  to  be  filed  in  the  calendar 
year  1952. 

The  dollar  value  of  production  in  the  Nation  during 
the  current  year  is  expected  to  increase  7  percent.  How- 
ever, profit  margins  are  likely  to  be  reduced,  and  a 
proportionate  gain  in  corporate  earnings  is  unlikely. 
For  this  purpose,  earnings  of  California  companies 
have  been  estimated  to  advance  3.5  percent  to  reach  a 
total  of  $2,800,000,000,  with  a  tax  return  of  $112,000,- 
000  in  1953.  Distribution  of  these  two  calendar  year 
totals  to  fiscal  years,  with  allowance  for  the  additional 
tax  on  banks  and  financial  corporations  and  audit  as- 
sessments of  $3,800,000,  results  in  the  totals  reported 
above. 

Personal  Income  Tax-$91,500,000 

Revenue  from  the  personal  income  tax  has  been  esti- 
mated by  relating  tax  yields  to  income  payments  during 
the  past  five  years  and  projecting  these  yields,  basing 
them  on  estimated  income  payments  for  1951  and  1952. 

Analysis  of  taxable  income  by  types  show  that  re- 
ceipts from  the  various  sources,  e.g.,  salaries  and  wages, 
business  profits,  dividends,  interest,  and  capital  gains, 
generally  accrue  to  persons  at  different  income  levels, 
and  hence  are  taxed  at  different  rates.8  For  this  reason 
it  was  advisable  to  relate  the  tax  attributable  to  income 
from  a  particular  source  to  its  counterpart  in  the 
income  payment  series.  Other  income  payments,  such 
as  pensions  and  benefits  received  from  social  insurance, 
generally  go  to  people  with  total  income  too  small  to 
affect  the  income  tax  base.  The  tax  on  capital  gains, 
having  no  counterpart  in  the  income  payment  series, 

'Analysis  of  preliminary  statistics  for  1950  shows  the  following 
relative  importance  of  each  source  in  income  payments,  in- 
come reported  for  taxation,  and  the  tax  attributable  to  that 
type  of  income. 

19S0 

Civilian 

Income       Taxable  Tax 

Payments      Income       Assessed 

Salaries  and  wages 63%  59%  34% 

Proprietors'  income 17  21  27 

Property  income 12  15  27 

Other   income   8 

Net  capital  gains —  5  12 

100%  100%  100% 


must  be  estimated  separately.  Following  the  example 
of  other  taxing  jurisdictions,  the  tax  from  this  type  of 
income  has  been  related  to  changes  in  stock  prices. 

The  following  table  presents  the  estimates  of  income 
payments  upon  which  the  forecast  of  personal  income 
tax  revenue  has  been  based. 

Civilian  Income  (In  Millions) 
1950  1951  1952 

Salaries  and  wages $11,514         §13,522         $14,525 

Proprietors'  income 3,122  3,282  3,400 

Property  income 2,206  2,317  2,335 

Other  income 1,407  1,213  1,215 

Total §18,249         $20,336         $21,475 

That  part  of  the  tax  which  can  be  attributed  to 
net  capital  gain  has  been  estimated  to  increase  from 
$8,850,000  paid  last  year,  to  $10,000,000  for  the  current 
year,  largely  because  of  the  high  security  price  levels 
which  prevailed  during  1951.  These  markets  have 
shown  some  weakness  in  the  last  few  months,  and 
consequently  the  tax  to  be  derived  from  capital  gains 
was  reduced  to  $7,500,000  for  1953. 

Estimates  from  the  various  income  sources  have  been 
combined  with  audit  adjustments  and  converted  to 
fiscal  year  collections.  Revenue  for  1952-53  is  forecast 
at  $91,500,000,  compared  to  $88,100,000  estimated  for 
1951-52  and  $75,890,972  actually  collected  in  1950-51. 

Insurance  Tax— $29,765,000 

Collections  under  the  state  tax  on  insurance  pre- 
miums have  shown  a  gradual  increase  over  a  period  of 
several  years,  reflecting  growth  in  business  activity, 
higher  values,  increases  in  some  premium  rates,  and 
population  gains.  The  budget  estimate  of  revenue  from 
this  source  is  based  upon  information  obtained  from  a 
sample  of  116  insurance  companies  accounting  for  69 
percent  of  the  tax  base.  Past  records  show  a  high  degree 
of  reliability  in  these  reports. 

Premiums  subject  to  the  state  tax  increased  17.3  per- 
cent last  year,  to  reach  a  total  of  $1,312,000,000.  The 
gross  tax  on  this  volume — to  be  assessed  in  1952 — will 
be  $30,830,000,  and  approximately  $200,000  will  be 
received  from  ocean  marine  insurance  profits.  Deduc- 
tions for  local  property  taxes  paid  on  principal  business 
offices  in  California  are  estimated  at  $1,265,000,  leaving 
net  receipts  of  $29,765,000.  Corresponding  totals  for 
the  current  year  and  for  1950-51  are  $25,280,860  and 
$23,043,305,  respectively. 

Payment  from  the  State  Compensation  Insurance 
Fund  in  lieu  of  tax  is  estimated  at  $554,153  in  1952-53, 
compared  to  $451,100  this  year  and  $403,318  in  1950-51. 

Inheritance  and  Gift  Taxes— $26,600,000 

The  hazards  of  estimating  inheritance  tax  receipts 
are  readily  apparent  from  the  nature  of  this  levy 
Amounts  received  by  the  State  depend  upon  the  num- 
ber of  deaths,  the  value  of  property  formerly  held  by 
the  decedents,  the  location  of  that  property,  the  manner 
in  which  it  is  distributed  among  the  heirs  or  to  charity, 
and  the  time  required  to  effect  a  settlement.  A  number 
of  large  estates  are  now  in  process  of  liquidation.  How- 
ever, inquiry  has  revealed  that  in  each  ease  bequests 
to  charity  or  charitable  foundations  are  likely  to  be 
large,  and  these  amounts  may  not  be  subject  to  state 
tax.  The  estimates  here  presented  are  not  predicated 
on  large  or  unusual  tax  settlements  during  1952-53  in 
the  cases  now  pending. 


A-ll 


Inheritance  tax  collections  bear  a  general  relation- 
ship to  security  prices.  When  stock  quotations  are  high, 
tax  receipts  are  likely  to  be  relatively  large.  It  can 
be  reasoned,  therefore,  that  improvement  in  security 
prices  over  the  last  three  years  should  sustain  a  high 
tax  yield.  Receipts  from  the  inheritance  tax  are  now 
running  at  the  average  level  of  $1,900,000  per  month, 
and  this  amount  was  increased  to  slightly  more  than 
$2,000,000  per  month  in  projecting  the  estimate  for 
next  year — a  total  of  $25,000,000.  Revenue  in  the  cur- 
rent year  is  expected  to  be  $24,000,000,  and  actual  re- 
ceipts in  1950-51  were  $21,691,622. 

Gift  tax  payments  are  forecast  at  $1,600,000  in 
1952-53,  compared  with  $1,500,000  in  the  current 
period  and  $1,979,397  during  the  last  completed  fiscal 
year.  In  this  instance,  the  reduction  is  entirely  a  con- 
cession to  the  fact  that  one  large  gift  two  years  ago 
raised  the  1950-51  total  substantially  above  the  sums 
recorded  earlier. 

Alcohol  Beverage  Taxes-$I9,740,000 

Estimates  of  revenue  from  the  distilled  spirits  excise 
tax  and  the  companion  levies  on  beer  and  wine  have 
been  prepared  entirely  on  the  basis  of  apparent  con- 
sumption per  adult  in  the  State 's  population.  Apparent 
consumption  of  distilled  spirits  has  varied  widely  dur- 
ing recent  years,  due  to  supply  problems  and  to  tran- 
sient populations.  During  World  War  II  the  ratio  rose 
to  3.06  gallons  per  adult,  compared  with  2.14  gallons 
before  the  war.  Since  1946  the  average  has  been  2.42, 
with  2.50  gallons  recorded  last  year.  This  ratio  has 
been  increased  to  2.52  in  1952  and  2.55  gallons  in  1953, 
in  projecting  tax  receipts  for  the  current  and  ensuing 
fiscal  years.  Beer  consumption  has  averaged  22.8  gal- 
lons per  adult  since  the  war.  The  ratio  was  22.2  gallons 
last  year  and  has  been  carried  at  23.0  and  23.6  gallons  in 
the  current  calendar  year  and  1953,  respectively.  Under 
legislation  adopted  in  1951,  sale  of  beer  on  military 
posts  is  exempt  from  state  tax.  Wine  consumption  has 
shown  little  significant  change.  Utilization  of  dry  wine 
last  year  amounted  to  .95  gallon  per  adult,  sweet  wine 
1.73,  and  sparkling  wine  .05  gallon.  The  revenue  esti- 
mates allow  for  a  slight  increase  in  the  use  of  sweet 
and  sparkling  wines,  and  a  fractional  decline  in  dry 
varieties.  Comparative  collections  are  shown  in  the 
table  below : 

Actual  Estimated  Estimated 
1950-51              1951-52  1952-53 

Distilled  spirits $16,094,404  $14,900,000  $15,700,000 

Beer  and  wine 3,795,650  3,845,000  4,040,000 

Totals   $19,890,054      $18,745,000      $19,740,000 

Private  Car  Tax— $1 ,095,000 

The  number  of  railroad  cars  owned  by  companies 
other  than  railroads  and  operated  in  this  State  has 
shown  a  decline  during  the  last  two  years,  but  the  tax 
rate  has  increased.  A  reversal  of  both  these  trends  is 
expected  next  year.  Revenue  from  this  tax,  which  is 
levied  in  lieu  of  local  property  taxes,  is  expected  to 
reach  $1,095,000  next  fiscal  year,  against  a  current  total 
of  $1,088,700,  and  $890,800  in  1950-51. 

Other  General  Fund  Revenues— $28,440,360 

The  principal  item  of  miscellaneous  income  to  the 
General  Fund  is  interest  on  investments,  which  is 
expected  to  total  $8,067,649  next  fiscal  year.  This  rep- 


resents a  gain  of  approximately  $1.2  million  over 
the  current  year,  and  $300,000  more  than  in  1950-51.  A 
total  of  $2,662,750  will  be  transferred  from  motor  vehi- 
cle license  fees  to  meet  highway  bond  interest  and  re- 
demption. Horseracing  fees  will  produce  $2,042,888  for 
general  purposes,  while  $15,650,573  will  be  received  in 
the  form  of  fees  and  other  charges  by  operating  depart- 
ments of  the  State.  The  latter  amount  represents  a 
slight  decline  from  earlier  years,  chiefly  as  a  result  of 
a  drop  in  college  enrollments. 

THE  SPECIAL  FUNDS9 

Approximately  one-third  of  all  state  governmental 
revenues  accrue  to  special  funds,  and  by  provision  of 
the  State  Constitution  or  the  statutes  this  money  may 
be  used  only  for  specific  purposes.  The  largest  group  of 
special  fund  levies  are  those  in  connection  with  the  own- 
ership and  operation  of  motor  vehicles — the  fuel  taxes, 
registration  and  weight  fees,  the  motor  vehicle  license 
fee  imposed  in  lieu  of  local  property  taxes  on  motor 
vehicles,  the  tax  on  gross  receipts  of  companies  trans- 
porting persons  and  property  for  hire  over  state  high- 
ways, drivers'  licenses,  and  other  minor  charges.  In 
total,  these  are  estimated  to  return  $308  million  in 
1952-53,  or  86  percent  of  the  special  fund  total. 

The  second  largest  source  of  special  fund  income  is 
the_ lTcehse~fee~TevieclTh  connection  with  horseracing, 
measured  chiefly  by  the  volume  of  betting.  This  is  fol- 
lowed by  liguorlieeiise  fees,  collected  by  the  State  and 
returned  to  local  governments_for  ^expenditure.  De- 
partmental revenues  from  special  charges  are  esti- 
mated to  be  $21.9  million.  Of  these,  the  largest  contri- 
butions are  those  made  by  sportsmen  for  fishing  and 
hunting  licenses,  amounting  to  $5.4  million.  Details  on 
departmental  revenues  for  special  purposes  are  shown 
for  the  three  years  covered  by  this  budget  under  the 
heading  ' '  Special  Funds ' '  in  Schedule  2. 

Almost  6,000,000  Vehicles  in  1953 

Fee-paid  registrations  of  cars,  trucks,  motorcycles, 
and  trailers  last  year  reached  a  total  of  5,303,524  units. 
This  represented  a  gain  of  6.6  percent  over  the  pre- 
vious peak  and  70  percent  more  than  were  on  the  high- 
ways at  the  end  of  World  War  II.  Although  produc- 
tion of  new  vehicles  will  be  reduced  sharply  next  year, 
the  national  output  will  be  still  large  enough  to  pro- 
vide this  State  with  more  than  the  285,000  new  cars 
sold  here  in  1948.  In  addition,  registrations  will  be  in- 
creased by  migration,  and  by  a  draft  upon  the  inven- 
tory of  vehicles  on  used  car  lots.  Controls  over  motor 
vehicle  production  are  expected  to  be  relaxed  some- 
what in  1953,  which  should  bring  a  larger  number  of 
new  units  next  year.  For  purposes  of  the  budget  esti- 
mates, fee-paid  registrations  of  5,600,000  are  projected 
for  1952  and  5,895,000  by  the  end  of  1953. 

Current  registration  and  weight  fees  were  estab- 
lished in  1947,  and  averages  have  stabilized  within  a 
very  narrow  range  during  the  last  few  years.  Average 
fees  of  $6.38  for  cars  and  light  trucks,  $35  for  heavy 

8  Trust  funds,  such  as  contributions  to  the  various  retirement 
plans  ;  bond  funds,  such  as  receipts  from  the  sale  of  school 
building  bonds  ;  sinking  funds  for  bond  interest  and  redemp- 
tion ;  working  revolving  funds ;  utility  funds,  such  as  the 
Veterans  Farm  and  Home  Building  Fund  of  1943  ;  and  assess- 
ment funds,  are  not  government  cost  funds  and  are  not  in- 
cluded in  the  general  category  of  special  funds.  State  pay- 
ments to  any  of  these  non-cost  funds  are,  of  course,  regarded 
as  an  expenditure  and  reported  as  such. 


A-12 


trucks,  $6.45  for  motorcycles,  and  $16  for  trailers  were 
used  in  making  the  current  estimates  of  revenue  from 
this  source.  All  amounts  include  penalties  for  late  reg- 
istrations and  the  surcharge  on  out-of-state  cars  regis- 
tered for  the  first  time  in  California. 

Estimates  of  motor  vehicle  license  fees  are  based 
upon  vehicle  registrations.  Average  fees  have  increased 
materially  as  a  large  number  of  new  and  higher  priced 
vehicles  have  been  added  to  the  tax  base.  Vehicle  li- 
cense fees  during  1951  averaged  $11.25  per  unit,  com- 
pared with  $9.95  a  year  earlier  and  $8.70  in  1949.  A 
decline  in  the  number  of  new  vehicles  sold  this  year  and 
next  should  result  in  a  relatively  stable  average  of 
$11.34  for  the  current  period  and  $11.28  for  1953. 
Receipts  from  drivers '  licenses  will  decline  slightly  this 
year  as  a  result  of  a  periodic  wave  in  the  renewal  pat- 
tern. Transfer  fees  and  other  charges  are  expected  to 
remain  relatively  unchanged.  A  summary  of  amounts 
estimated  from  each  source  in  millions  of  dollars  is 
given  below : 

Motor  Vehicle  Fees 
1950-51         1951-52  1952-53 

actual  estimated        estimated 

Registration  and  weight $52.2  $55.9  $59.4 

License  (in  lieu)  fees* 60.0  64.1  65.9 

Drivers'  licenses 3.2  3.0  3.0 

Transfer  fees  and  penalties 2.2  2.4  2.5 

Other  revenues 0.1  0.2  0.2 

Totals   $117.7  $125.6  $131.0 

*  Includes  approximately  $2.7  million  in  each  year  transferred  to  the  General  Fund  for 
interest  and  redemption  on  highway  bonds.  See  Schedule  2  for  precise  amounts. 

Motor  Vehicle  Fuel  Taxes— $168,000,000 

Two  levies  contribute  revenue  to  the  Motor  Vehicle 
Fuel  Fund — the  gasoline  tax,  which  is  estimated  to 
produce  $160  million  during  the  next  fiscal  year,  and 
the  use  fuel  tax,  budgeted  for  a  total  of  $8  million. 
Consumption  of  motor  vehicle  fuel  per  vehicle  reg- 
istered in  California  has  declined  moderately  during 
recent  years.  One  reason  for  this,  undoubtedly,  is  the 
trend  toward  more  than  one  vehicle  per  family.  With 
an  added  car,  there  is  not  a  proportionate  rise  in  the 
miles  traveled,  and  the  average  per  vehicle  declines. 
Other  factors  may  be  increased  efficiency  of  engines 
now  on  the  road,  and  better  highways.  Variation  in  the 
amount  of  tourist  travel  causes  some  change  in  the  an- 
nual ratios.  Just  after  the  war,  gasoline  consumption 
amounted  to  701  gallons  per  vehicle  registered.  Two 
years  later  the  average  declined  to  653.4  gallons,  and 
by  1950-51  it  was  634.5  gallons  per  vehicle.  Projections 
for  1951-52  and  1952-53  contemplate  a  further  drop  to 
631  and  627  gallons,  respectively.10  Diesel  consumption 
per  vehicle  has  followed  a  declining  trend  similar  to  that 
shown  in  the  case  of  gasoline ;  however,  there  has  been 
a  sharp  increase  in  the  number  of  units  using  this  type 
of  fuel,  and  a  more  marked  growth  in  total  revenues. 

Comparative  revenues  in  millions  of  dollars  for  the 
three  budget  years  are : 

Motor  Vehicle  Fuel  Taxes 
1950-51      1951-52       1952-53 
actual       estimated    estimated 

Gasoline     $144.0         $153.0         $160.0 

Diesel  fuel 5.9  7.1  8.0 

Totals    $149.9         $160.1         $168.0 

10  Gasoline  consumption  is  actually  estimated  on  the  basis  of  car- 
equivalents,  in  which  automobiles,  trucks,  motorcycles,  and 
trailers  are  equated  in  terms  of  fuel  used.  Cars,  trucks,  motor- 
cycles, and  trailers  exempt  from  registrations  are  included  in 
the  total.  Diesel  units  and  one  trailer  per  diesel  vehicle  are 
excluded. 


Motor  Transportation  Tax— $11 ,735,000 

Experience  has  shown  a  close  correlation  between  the 
volume  of  spending  by  California  civilians  and  the 
gross  receipts  of  highway  transportation  companies. 
With  spendable  resources  of  $17.2  billion  in  1951  and 
$17.7  billion  in  1952,  gross  receipts  of  these  taxpayers 
can  be  estimated  at  $433  million  in  the  current  fiscal 
year  and  $467  million  in  1952-53.  The  3  percent  tax  will 
result  in  gross  assessments  of  $13  million  this  year  and 
$14  million  in  the  coming  fiscal  period.  Against  these 
amounts,  operators  will  claim  an  offset  in  the  amount  of 
one-third  of  the  motor  vehicle  weight  fees  paid  in  con- 
nection with  their  taxable  operations,  or  approximately 
$2.1  million  for  1951-52  and  $2.3  million  in  1952-53. 
Net  revenues  are  therefore  estimated  at  $11.7  million 
in  the  coming  year,  compared  with  $10.9  million  in 
1951-52.  In  each  year  approximately  $35,000  will  be 
paid  in  permit  fees.  Tax  receipts  in  1950-51  amounted 
to  $10,160,033,  and  permit  fees  totalled  $34,305. 

Horseracing  Fees— $16,973,000 

Betting  in  the  pari-mutuel  pools  at  California  horse- 
races during  1952-53  is  estimated  to  total  $300  million, 
compared  with  $331  million  indicated  this  year  and 
$289  million  in  1950-51.  Out  of  each  pool  operated,  the 
State  takes  as  its  license  fee  4  percent  of  the  first  $10 
million,  5  percent  of  the  next  $10  million,  and  6  percent 
of  all  pools  in  excess  of  $20  million.  In  addition,  the 
State  receives  all  "breakage"  n  in  pools  over  $27  mil- 
lion, all  unclaimed  pari-mutuel  tickets,  and  license  fees 
paid  by  owners,  jockeys  and  trainers.  Receipts  from 
these  sources  during  the  three  years  covered  by  this 
budget  are  shown  in  the  table  below,  in  thousands : 

Horseracing  Fees 

1950-51       1951-52       1952-53 
actual       estimated    estimated 

Pari-mutuel  pools $15,215  $17,081  $15,709 

Breakage 890  861  897 

Unclaimed  pari-mutuel  tiekets__          229  387  337 

License  fees 22  30  30 

Other  receipts 12  -  — 

Totals    $16,368       $18,359       $16,973 

The  decline  in  receipts  from  parimutuel  pools  be- 
tween 1951-52  and  1952-53  is  due  chiefly  to  the  fact 
that  two  Western  Harness  meets  will  be  conducted  in 
the  former  year  and  none  in  the  latter. 

The  sums  of  $3.9  million  in  1950-51,  $2.2  million 
in  1951-52,  and  $2  million  in  1952-53,  included  in  the 
above  table,  accrue  to  the  General  Fund. 

Liquor  License  Fees— $8,115,000 

Receipts  from  liquor  license  fees  next  year  are  esti- 
mated at  $8,115,000,  compared  with  $8,090,000  cur- 
rently and  $8,106,155  in  1950-51.  Variations  in  amounts 
received  from  this  source  are  largely  the  result  of 
differences  in  dollar  volume  of  liquor  sold. 

RECENT  TAX  TRENDS 

State  tax  revenue  per  $100  of  income  received  by 
the  people  of  California  is  lower  today  than  during 
prewar  years.  Under  the  estimates  presented  here,  tax 
receipts  from  all  sources  in  1951-52  will  amount  to 
$4.83  per  one  hundred  dollars  of  income  received  by 

11  Defined  in  the  Business  and  Professions  Code,  Sec.  19485.1,  as 
".  .  .  the  odd  cents  by  which  the  amount  payable  as  to  each 
dollar  waged  .  .  .  exceeds  a  multiple  of  five  cents  .  .  ." 


A-13 


the  people  of  California  last  year,  and  this  ratio  will 
drop  to  $4.78  next  fiscal  year.12  This  compares  with  an 
average  of  $4.86  in  the  five  prewar  years  and  a  high  of 
$5.09  in  1950-51,  when  two  waves  of  scare  buying  in- 
flated the  ratio  at  least  ten  cents. 

Basically,  the  state  tax  structure  has  not  been 
■changed  in  the  last  16  years.  With  two  general  excep- 
tions, the  tax  rates  which  now  produce  more  than  a 
billion  dollars  annually  yielded  only  $250  million 
12  years  ago.  This  phenomenal  growth  without  an 
increase  in  the  burden  of  taxes  in  relation  to  income 
is  further  proof  of  the  direct  relationship  between 
taxes  and  the  aggregate  volume  of  business  activity 
in  the  State.  The  two  exceptions  are  in  opposite  direc- 
tions, so  far  as  burden  is  concerned.  The  state  income 
tax  at  the  present  time  is  lighter  than  it  was  prewar : 
•exemptions  are  $1,000  higher  for  both  individuals  and 
families,  and  the  maximum  tax  rate  is  now  6  percent 
on  taxable  income  in  excess  of  $25,000  compared  to  15 
percent  above  $250,000  prior  to  1944.  In  contrast  to 
this  relief,  motor  vehicle  taxes  were  increased  substan- 
tially in  1947,  as  part  of  an  effort  to  solve  State  and 
local  highway  problems.  The  motor  vehicle  fuel  tax 
was  raised  50  percent  (from  3  cents  to  4.5  cents  per 
gallon)  ;  registration  fees  were  doubled,  weight  fees 

12  Of  necessity,  these  comparisons  are  made  between  taxes  re- 
ceived by  the  State  during  a  fiscal  year  and  income  received 
by  California  residents  in  the  preceding  calendar  year.  Data 
on  income  payments  to  individuals  are  available  only  on  a 
calendar  year  basis.  Since  there  is  a  slight  lag  between  the 
taxable  event  and  receipt  of  tax  revenue  by  the  State,  the 
comparison  is  believed  to  be  valid. 


were  increased  almost  100  percent  and  a  driver 's  license 
fee  was  imposed.  These  two  changes  did  not  offset  each 
other,  however.  The  added  motor  vehicle  revenue  ex- 
ceeded the  reduction  in  personal  income  tax  by  a  wide 
margin. 

State  tax  payments  for  support  of  general  govern- 
mental activities  next  year  will  be  5  percent  below  pre- 
war in  relation  to  income  of  individuals.  Receipts  of 
$3.27  per  $100  of  individual  income  are  16  cents  under 
the  prewar  average.  In  addition  to  the  personal  income 
tax  reduction,  this  change  is  the  result  of  a  shifting 
within  the  tax  system.  Certain  levies  formerly  used  for 
general  support  are  now  dedicated  to  special  activities. 
For  example,  the  motor  vehicle  transportation  tax 
was  deposited  in  the  General  Fund  until  the  law  was 
changed  in  1947.  This  money  is  now  used  for  highway 
construction  and  maintenance.  The  State  formerly  re- 
ceived a  share  of  liquor  license  fees  which  now  goes 
entirely  to  cities  and  counties.  There  has  been  a  similar 
shift  in  motor  vehicle  license  fee  receipts.  All  told, 
approximately  $30,000,000  of  current  revenue  which 
formerly  went  to  the  General  Fund  is  now  specifically 
earmarked  for  special  purposes.  This  transfer  accounts 
for  almost  the  entire  16  cent  drop  in  the  ratio  between 
General  Fund  taxes  and  citizen  income. 

A  summary  of  income  payments  to  individuals  in 
California,  state  tax  collections,  per  capita  taxes,  and 
tax  payments  per  $100  of  individual  income  is  shown 
in  the  following  table. 


SUMMARY  OF  STATE  POPULATION,  INCOME  OF  CALIFORNIA  RESIDENTS,  AND  STATE  TAX  COLLECTIONS 

Excluding  Departmental  and  Miscellaneous  Revenues 


Estimated 

Population 

July  1st 

Estimated 
Income  of 
Individuals 

Income 
Per 

Fiscal 

State  Tax  Collections 

Taxes  Per  Capita 

Taxes  Per  $10 
Individual  Inc 

)of 

General 
Fund 

Special 
Funds 

Total 

me 

General 

Special 

General 

Special 

Year 

(Thousands) 

(Millions) 

Capita 

Year 

(Thousands) 

(Thousands) 

(Thousands) 

Fund 

Funds 

Total 

Fund 

Funds 

Total 

1936__ 

_    6,341 

$4,730 

$746 

1936-37 

$155,047 

$63,723 

$21S,770 

$24.10 

$9.90 

$34.00 

$3.2S 

$1.35 

$4.63 

1937- 

_    6,528 

5,047 

773 

1937-38 

172,159 

6S,161 

240,320 

26.12 

10.34 

36.46 

3.41 

1.35 

4.76 

1938- 

_    6,656 

4,772 

717 

193S-39 

166,S08 

69,288 

236,096 

24.82 

10.31 

35.13 

3.50 

1.45 

4.95 

1939- 

_    6,7S5 

5,047 

744 

1939-40 

174,142 

76,813 

250,955 

25.30 

11.16 

36.46 

3.45 

1.52 

4.97 

1940- 

_    6,980 

5,606 

S03 

1940-41 

195,796 

84,553 

280,349 

27.41 

11.84 

39.25 

3.49 

1.51 

5.00 

1941*. 

_     7,125 

6,922 

971 

1941-42 

238,440 

S5,768 

324,208 

32.74 

11.78 

44.52 

3.44 

1.24 

4.68 

1942*_ 

_    7,441 

8,964 

1,205 

1942-43 

274,575 

71,906 

346,481 

36.65 

9.60 

46.25 

3.06 

O.SO 

3.86 

1943*_ 

_    7,541 

11,720 

1,554 

1943-44 

301,506 

72.2S2 

373.7S8 

3S.71 

9.28 

47.99 

2.57 

0.62 

3.19 

1944*_ 

_    8,036 

13,048 

1,624 

1944-45 

314,237 

80.23S 

394,475 

38.15 

9.74 

47.89 

2.41 

0.61 

3.02 

1945*. 

_    8,438 

13,242 

1,569 

1945-46 

353,400 

113,245 

466,645 

39.76 

12.74 

.-2.50 

2.67 

0.S5 

3.52 

1946- 

_    9,548 

15.1S0 

1,590 

1946-47 

432.S59 

137,751 

570,610 

44.60 

14.19 

5S.79 

2.85 

0.91 

3.76 

1947- 

_    9,864 

16,043 

1,626 

1947-48 

457,297 

228,708 

6S6.005 

45.66 

22.84 

68.50 

2.85 

1.43 

4.28 

1948- 

_  10,165 

16,937 

1,666 

1948-49 

485,36S 

249,344 

734,712 

47.12 

24.21 

71.33 

2.87 

1.47 

4.34 

1949- 

_  10,434 

16,731 

1,604 

1949-50 

524.42S 

268,177 

792.605 

49.78 

25.46 

75.24 

3.14 

1.60 

4.74 

1950- 

_  10,634 

18,542 

1,744 

1950-51 

647,992 

295,542 

943,534 

59.63 

27.20 

86.83 

3.50 

1.59 

5.09 

1951- 

_  11,100 

20.S46 

1,S78 

1951-52 

6S9.461 

318,138 

1,007,599 

61.12 

28.20 

89.33 

3.31 

1.52 

4.83 

1952- 

_  11,460 

22,000 

1,920 

1952-53 

719,560 

331,102 

1,050,662 

61.S7 

28.47 

90.34 

3.27 

1.51 

4.78 

*  Amounts  shown  during  period  of  World  War  II  represent  civilian  population,  estimated  income  of  civilians,  and  per  capita  civilian 

income. 
Population  data,  1936  through  1939,  are  based  on  United  States  Census  Bureau  estimates ;  population,  1940  to  date,  estimated  by  the 

State  Department  of  Finance.  (Provisional  Annual  Estimates  of  the  Population  of  California,  1940-1958,  Nov.  1951.) 
Income  of  individuals,  1936  through  1950,  from  United  States  Department  of  Commerce  estimates.  Survey  of  Current  Business,  Aug. 

1951.  Reported  totals  for  1941  through  1945  have  been  adjusted  to  exclude  income  of  armed  forces  personnel.  Data  for  1951  and 

1952  are  estimates  by  the  State  Department  of  Finance. 
Income  per  capita  computed  from  population  and  income  data  shown.  Amounts  differ  somewhat  from  U.  S.  Department  of  Commerce 

estimates. 
Taxes  per  capita  computed  on  the  basis  of  population  January  1st,  the  midpoint  of  the  fiscal  year. 


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Poultry  Improvement  Commission 

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State  Prison  at  Folsom 

State  Prison  at  San  Quentin 

State  Prison  at  Solcdad 

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Adult  Authority 

Youth  Authority: 

Departmental  Administration 

Forestry  Camps  for  Boys 

Fricot  Ranch  School  for  Boys 

Fred  C.  Nelles  School  for  Boys._    

Preston  School  of  Industry 

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Ref- 
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O           O    CQ    ©    i->    M               i                                   OCJtJicooOO            N    uT   N    O    h           CO           CDf-Oi-iCOiO           f-            Ci    ■-<    CO 
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DEPARTMENTAL  REVENUES 
— Continued 

Natural  Resources: 

Department  of  Fish  and  Game  . 

Department  of  Natural  Resources: 

Departmental  Administration 

Division  of  Beaches  and  Parks..     .     -   _ 

Division  of  Forestry 

Division  of  Mines _   __   

Division  of  Oil  and  Gas 

Totals,  Natural  Resources 

Professional  and  Vocational  Standards: 
Department  of  Professional  and  Vocational 
Standards: 

Board  of  Accountancy 

Board  of  Architectural  Examiners 

Athletio  Commission ..   __ 

Board  of  Barber  Examiners.    ... 

Cemetery  Board 

Board  of  Chiropractio  Examiners 

Board  of  Registration  for  Civil  and  Pro- 
fessional Engineers 

Contractors'  License  Board. 

Board  of  Cosmetology.  ...       - 

Board  of  Dental  Examiners          

Board  of  Dry  CleanerB 

Board  of   Funeral    Directors   and   Em- 
Bureau  of  Furniture  and   Bedding  In- 
spection    .     . 

Board  of  Guide  Dogs  for  the  Blind 

Board  of  Medical  Examiners 

Board  of  Nurse  Examiners 

Board  of  Optometry _      —   ._     __ 

Board  of  Pharmacy. — 

Bureau  of  Private  Investigators  and  Ad- 
justers   

Board  of  Examiners  of  Shorthand  Re- 
porters                .   .       .   —   - 

Board  of  Social  Work  Examiners. 

Structural  Pest  Control  Board 

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HIGHWAYS   a 
ICLE   REGULATION 
21.0  * 


SOCIAL  WELFARE 

8   HEALTH 

15.8  * 


ENTAL    HYGIENE 
CORRECTIONS 
9.9  * 
RVATION  OF 
NATURAL    RESOURCES 
4.9  * 


CHART  3 


A-22 


Analysis  of  Expenditure  Requirements 

1952-53   Fiscal  Year 

Expenditures  recommended  in  the  State  Budget  for  The  detailed  amounts  making  up  these  totals,  classi- 

the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1953,  total  $1,185,397,-  tied  according  to  budget  organization,  are  shown  in  the 

000.  This  represents  an  increase  of  approximately  $82  table  on  the  following  page  and  in  Schedule  3. 

million,  or  7.4  percent,  over  the  estimated  requirements  State  government  performs  many  and  widely  varied 

for  the  current  year  and  $179  million  more  than  was  functions,  ranging  from  agricultural  development  to 

spent  in  the  twelve  months  which  ended  June  30,  1951.  the  regulation  of  yacht  brokers.  For  the  most  part, 

An  executive  budget  is  a  complete  financial  plan  for  however,  these  fit  into  six  general  categories.  The  most 

the  operation  of  government,  bringing  together  the  important  from  the  financial  viewpoint  is  the  support 

expenditure  needs  and  the  resources  available  to  meet  0f  education.  A  little  more  than  one-third  of  all  expend- 

these  needs. 1  In  California,  approximately  two-thirds  itures  recommended  for  the  coming  year  relate  to  that 

of  the  expenditure  total  represents  the  cost  of  services  function.  This  includes  the  direct  support  of  public 

which  are  mandatory  under  provisions  of  the  State  schools,   colleges  and  the  University,   administrative 

Constitution  or  other  existing  law.  The  remaining  one-  activities  of  the  Department  of  Education,  and  amounts 

third  is  subject  to  determination  by  the  Governor  in  budgeted  for  the  construction  of  buildings  at  educa- 

preparing  his  budget  recommendations.  These  are  the  tional  centers.  In  the  second  large  category,  accounting 

expenditure  items  incorporated  into  the  budget  bill  for  one-fifth  of  the  total,  are  the  expenditures  for 

to  be  considered  by  the  State  Legislature.  highways,  roads,  streets,  traffic  law  enforcement,  and 

Like  a  great  majority  of  the  earlier  budgets  in  their  the  regulation  of  motor  vehicles.  These  two  classes  of 
time,  the  program  required  for  1952-53  is  the  largest  expense — education  and  highways — make  up  more 
in  the  history  of  this  State.  It  reflects  governmental  than  56  percent  of  the  entire  expenditure  budget.  Third 
needs  in  a  rapidly  growing  area  during  a  period  of  in  importance  are  the  activities  in  connection  with 
price  inflation.  The  program  of  services  provided  in  social  welfare  and  public  health,  accounting  for  16 
this  document,  with  the  population  and  prices  of  10  percent.  These  are  followed  by  payments  for  mental 
years  ago  could  have  been  financed  for  approximately  hospitals,  homes  and  correctional  facilities  with  10 
$507  million.  The  $678  million  difference  between  this  percent  and  by  expenditures  for  development  and  con- 
sum  and  the  budget  total  measures  in  rough  terms  the  servation  of  natural  resources,  which  require  5  percent 
impact  of  inflation  and  population  growth  upon  the  of  the  budget.  All  other  expense,  including  the  legisla- 
finances  of  California  State  Government.  tive,  judicial,  executive,  general  administrative,  regu- 

State  expenditures  fall  into  three  broad  classes  :  (1)  latory,  and  tax  administering  activities,  combined  with 

the  cost  of  operating  State  governmental  agencies  and  apportionments  of  state-collected  revenue  for  general 

payments  on  debt,  (2)  capital  outlay — the  cost  of  build-  administration  of  local  governments,  comprise  13  per- 

ing  the  structures,  highways  and  facilities  to  be  used  cent  of  the  expenditure  total.  Amounts  included  for 

in  subsequent  years,  and  (3)  payments  by  the  State  to  each  of  these  purposes  in  1952-53  and  the  changes  from 

local    units    of    government,    including    the    cost    of  the  estimated  requirements  during  the  current,  1951-52, 

jointly  financed  activities,  assistance  in  meeting  the  Fiscal  Tear  are  given  in  the  table  below : 

expense  of  local  services,   and  distribution  of  revenue  Recommended    Change  from  1951-52        Percent 

, ,      .     n    ■,         ,,        0,            A         ,1        ,           n,       s      ■,■               j  expenditures       Amount            Per-          of  total 

collected  by  the  State  for  the   benent  ot  cities  and  (millions)      (millions)       cent        budget 

counties.  During  1952-53,  less  than  one-third  of  the  Education  __„______       $418.6       $58.6        16.3       35.3 

expenditure  total  will  be  used  for  the  current  opera-  HishrI,?uiation *--—--         248  4       —21       —08       210 

tion  of  State   Government.   Approximately   one-fifth  Social  welfare  and 

will  be  spent  to  construct  buildings,  highways,  and  herailt:^- a —         187'3  3'1  1-7       15'8 

other  facilities  needed  to  meet  the  problems  of  obso-  ^correS"" 117.7         12.9        12.9         9.9 

lescence  and  population  growth.  A  little  more  than  half  Conservation  of  natural 

the  total  represents  assistance  to  local  governments.  Ml  Jther".!!_~~~I         155!§           s!6          iJ       llil 

Amounts  budgeted  for  each  purpose,  together  with  the  

increase  over  the  current  year  and  the  percent  of  the  Totals $1,185.4       $82.1  7.4      100.0 

total,  are  shown  in  the  following  table :  2  r-n-rr-   ^nmiT.^wo 

Recommended  STATE    OPERATIONS 

expenditures      Increase  over  1951-52        Percent 

1952-53       Amount         Per-        of  total  Expenditures  for  the  operation  of  State  Government 

(millions)        (millions)          cent           budget  *                                             r                       _    _ 

State  operations $337.6       $37.0        12.3       28.5  include  the  cost  of  legislative,  judicial  and  executive 

Capital  outlay 222.0           5.9          2.7       18.7  activities,  the  expenses  of  nineteen  administrative  de- 
Local  assistance 625.8           39.1            6.7         52.8  , '        ...       x                        „       ..     .     ,            ,              &. 

partments,    the    support    of   all    independent    offices, 

Total $1,185.4       $82.1          7.4      100.0  boards,   and  commissions,   and  debt  service.  Budget 

>  section  34  of  Article  iv  of  the  Constitution  provides  in  part :_  recommendations  for  these  agencies  represent  the  esti- 

"The  Governor  shall,  at  each  regular  session  of  the  Legisla-  ....                                                   , 

ture,  submit  to  the  Legislature,  with  an  explanatory  message,  mated    expense    of    continuing    the    program    approved 

a  budget  containing  a  complete  plan  and  itemized  statement  x                                                    -.i                     •            ^ 

of  all  proposed  expenditures  of  the  state  provided  by  existing  for  the  current  nscal  year  without  major  changes. 

law  or  recommended  by  him  .  .  .  and  of  all  estimated  revenues  a   i  •      ^           _li             i                     n-c*                          — jj 

for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year  .  .  ."  Adjustments  have  been  made  for  increases  and  de- 

2  In  all  of  the  text  tables  amounts  have  been  rounded  to  the  near-  nT.aot!ae!  in  +lio  ™rvrli-  lnnrl  nf  nrlmi'nistrnti-ue  rmit«    nnrl  n  + 

est  thousand  dollars.  In  some  instances  this  results  in  an  ap-  Creases  in  tfte  WOrk  load  OI  aCimilllST.rai.lve  UniLS,  ana  az 

?oataeif  ar^corac^to'th"  nearest" thousand.  a"  cases'  however'  certain  points,  such  as  traffic  law  enforcement,  clearer 


A- 23 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  OF  EXPENDITURES 
(In  Thousands  of  Dollars) 

Change  from 

Actual  Estimated  Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51  1951-52  1952-53  Amount  Percent 
STATE  OPERATIONS: 

Legislative    $3,361  $2,638  $3,002  $364  13.8 

Judicial 1,098  1,262  1,304  43  3.4 

Executive  and  Civil  Defense 954  1,989  1,836  —153  —7.7 

General  Administrative 1,894  1,945  2,070  124  6.4 

Agriculture    8,279  9,424  9,307  —117  —1.2 

Corrections 15,827,  18,259  19,347  1,087  6.0 

Education 56,800  64,615  70,121  ,  5,506  8.5 

Employment 30  66  64  —2  —3.0 

Fiscal  Affairs 25,500  28,481  29,651  1,170  4.1 

Highway  Patrol 10,397  12,001  14,039  2,038  17.0 

Industrial  Relations 4,091  4,669  4,960  291  6.2 

Investment 2,600  2,933  3,048  115  3.9 

Justice 2,058  2,555  2,803  248  9.7 

Mental  Hygiene 37,663  44,736  4,8,026  3,290  7.4 

Military  Affairs 2,184  2,712  2,926  214  7.9 

Motor  Vehicles 10,094  11,777  12,956  1,179  10.0 

Natural  Resources 18,071  20,116  21,319  1,203  6.0 

Professional,  Vocational  Standards 2,421  2,679  2,795  116  4.3 

Public  Health 4,171  4,951  4,821  —130  —2.6 

Public  Utilities  ^ 2,737  3,056  3,136  80  2.6 

Public  Works 31,790  34,724  37,242  2,518  7.2 

Social  Welfare 1,834  1,915  2,034  119  6.2 

Veterans  Affairs 6,323  6,306  6,072  —234  —3.7 

Miscellaneous 10,427  11,470  14,615  3,146  27.4 

Salary  Increase a 1,694  14,244  12,550  740.9 

Contingency  Reserves'1 -  1,100  3,500  2,400  218.2 

Adjustments* —1,355  —1,254  —1,287  —33  —2.6 

Totals,  Current  Expense + $259,248  $296,817  $333,950  $37,133  12.5 

Debt  Service 3,808  3,708  3,608  —100  —2.7 

Totals,  State  Operations $263,056  $300,525  $337,558  $37,033  12.3 

CAPITAL  OUTLAY: 

Corrections $9,792  $14,284  $19,499  $5,215  36.5 

Education 39,476  21,891  35,412-  13,521  61.8 

Fiscal  Affairs 6,531  3,788  7,188  3,400  89.8 

Mental  Hygiene 11,900  23,136  22,035  —1,101  —4.8 

Natural  Resources 6,183  8,701  7,883  —818  —9.4 

Public  Works 116,456  119,357  108,117  —11,240  —9.4 

AllOther 10,005  24,985  21,909  —3,075  —12.3 

Totals,  Capital  Outlay $200,343  $216,142  $222,043  $5,902  2.7 

LOCAL  ASSISTANCE: 

For  Education $242,093  $268,333  $302,863  $34,530  12.9 

For  Social  Welfare 150,154  150,334  151,669  1,335  0.9 

For  Public  Health 10,663  12,635  13,942 .  1,307  10.3 

For  Public  Works 11,062  6,242  4,659  —1,583  —25.4 

For  Other  Purposes 3,969  5,054  4,643  —411  —8.1 

Shared  Revenues 125,000  144,068  148,019  3,951  2.7 

Totals,  Local  Assistance $542,941  $586,667  $625,796  $39,129  6.7 

GRAND  TOTALS,  EXPENDITURES—         $1,006,339  $1,103,333  $1,185,397  $82,064  7.4 

a  Amounts  are  not  comparable,  since  the  sums  shown  for  1951-52  represent  only  the              *  Credits  to  the  General  Fund  for  overhead'services  charged  to  agencies  supported  from 

unallocated  balance  of  similar  provisions  made  for  salary  adjustments  and  price  special  funds.  The  adjustment  is  necessary  to  avoid  duplication  of  the  amounts 

increases  approved  in  connection  with  the  current  budget.  shown.  Totals  may  not  add,  due  to  rounding  to  the  nearest  thousand. 


A- 24 


recognition  is  given  to  some  of  the  most  pressing  prob- 
lems of  government,  but  the  basic  scope  of  state  service 
remains  unchanged. 

The  program  of  state  operations  recommended  in 
this  budget  involves  expenditures  of  $337,558,000,  an 
increase  of  $37,033,000,  or  12.3  percent,  over  the  esti- 
mated requirements  for  the  current  year.  Of  this 
amount  $333,950,000  represents  the  current  expenses 
of  state  agencies  and  $3,608,000  is  required  to  meet 
interest  and  redemption  of  state  bonds.  Expenditures 
for  debt  service  on  these  obligations  will  be  paid  from 
the  reserve  created  in  1943  and  from  motor  vehicle 
license  fees  specifically  earmarked  for  highway  bonds.3 

The  current  expense  total  includes  funds  for  a  pro- 
posed increase  in  the  salaries  of  state  employees  effec- 
tive July  1,  1952,  in  accordance  with  findings  and 
recommendations  of  the  Personnel  Board  that  adjust- 
ments are  necessary  to  maintain  state  salary  schedules 
parallel  with  those  of  private  industry  and  other  gov- 
ernmental jurisdictions.  The  sum  of  $2,000,000  is  in- 
cluded to  meet  probable  increases  in  the  prices  of  food 
and  clothing,  to  be  purchased  for  inmates  of  state  insti- 
tutions, and  in  the  cost  of  equipment  and  supplies, 
while  provision  is  made  for  a  general  emergency  fund 
of  $1,500,000.  All  three  of  these  amounts  had  their 
counterparts  in  the  approved  budget  for  the  current 
fiscal  year. 

Principal  Items  of  Expense 

Five  adjustments  of  the  data  presented  in  the  accom- 
panying summary  table  have  been  made  in  analyzing 
the  operating  expense  of  state  agencies  for  purposes 
of  this  presentation.  (1)  The  $14.2  million  proposed 
for  salary  adjustments  has  been  distributed  to  the  vari- 
ous agencies  by  increasing-  salary  and  wage  expendi- 
tures by  5  percent.  (2)  The  $2.0  million  provided  to 
meet  price  rises  has  been  allocated  on  the  basis  of  budget 
allowances  for  food,  clothing,  equipment,  and  supplies. 
(3)  Contributions  from  the  General  Fund  for  em- 
ployees' retirement,  normally  reported  in  lump  sum, 
have  been  allotted  among  the  departments  in  accord- 
ance with  salary  and  wage  payments  from  the  General 
Fund.  (4)  Payments  for  debt  service  have  been  charged 
to  the  function  for  which  the  obligations  were  in- 
curred, such  as  highways  or  natural  resources.  And 
(5)  in  some  instances  combinations  of  expenditures  by 
different  agencies  have  been  made  in  terms  of  broad 
governmental  functions.  As  a  result  of  these  changes, 
amounts  given  below  differ  substantially  from  the  ex- 
penditures reported  in  the  summary  table  and  in  the 
budget  schedules,  but  in  many  respects  the  adjusted 
data  give  a  more  complete  picture  of  state  operations 
than  can  be  obtained  on  the  strict  organizational  basis 
used  for  budgetary  control.  Two  points  must  be  em- 
phasized:  first,  the  distribution  of  the  price  increase 
fund  is  purely  an  estimate  of  the  possible  utilization 
of  this  money  and  is  not  an  additional  appropriation 
for  the  support  of  any  agency.  Second,  the  total  of  all 
expenditures  for  state  operations,  $337,558,000  is  iden- 
tical with  the  amount  shown  for  this  purpose  in  the 
budget  summaries. 


3  Interest  and  redemption  payments  on  school  building  bonds 
issued  for  the  benefit  of  distressed  school  districts  are  shown  as 
assistance  to  local  governments. 


Education-$80,340,000 

The  largest  item  of  expense  in  State  operations  is 
incurred  in  connection  with  support  of  educational 
institutions,  administrative  activities  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  and  operation  of  the  State  Library. 
Expenditures  for  this  purpose  during  1952-53  are 
budgeted  at  $80,340,000,  compared  with  $69,761,000 
currently  and  $60,472,000  in  1950-51.  Among  the  im- 
portant factors  contributing  to  this  increase  have  been 
the  new  state  colleges  and  special  schools  established 
during  recent  years,  expansion  in  the  courses  of  study 
available  at  several  institutions,  and  emphasis  upon 
graduate  work  and  research,  particularly  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  California. 

More  than  one-half  of  all  payments  in  this  field 
concern  state  support  of  the  university,  and  half  of 
the  increase  shown  for  next  year  are  reflected  in  this 
appropriation.  Expenditures  for  the  university  in  the 
coming  year  are  expected  to  reach  $52,675,000  or 
$6,516,000  above  the  estimated  total  for  1951-52. 
Although  enrollment  is  expected  to  decline  moderately, 
corresponding  reductions  cannot  be  made  in  the  uni- 
versity's expenditures  without  diluting  the  quality  of 
the  educational  program  provided.  In  most  phases  of 
this  work,  a  drop  in  number  of  students  may  be  re- 
flected in  proportionately  smaller  classes,  but  not  in 
a  proportionately  smaller  number  of  courses  offered 
in  the  established  curriculum.  With  the  new  medical 
school  on  the  Los  Angeles  campus,  new  colleges  of  let- 
ters and  science  at  Riverside  and  Davis,  and  extensions 
in  other  professional  fields,  actually  the  reverse  will 
be  true  next  year.  Roughly,  one-third  of  the  increase 
shown  for  the  university  is  attributable  to  new  and 
extended  activities.  The  remainder  may  be  traced  to 
merit  increases  and  promotions  of  personnel,  increased 
cost  of  maintaining  plant  and  equipment,  and  a  pro- 
posed augmenting  of  state  support  to  compensate  for 
a  decline  of  approximately  $517,000  in  other  income 
available  to  the  university. 

Support  of  state  colleges  in  the  amount  of  $16,972,- 
000  is  proposed  for  next  year,  an  increase  of  $2,237,000 
over  the  current  period.  Expanding  enrollments  at 
the  two  new  educational  centers  in  the  Los  Angeles 
area  and  one  in  Sacramento  contribute  heavily  to  this 
growth,  while  continued  emphasis  on  the  training  of 
teachers  to  fill  critical  shortages  in  the  public  school 
system  necessitates  increases  in  the  expenditure  pro- 
grams of  the  older  institutions.  Expenses  in  connection 
with  a  shift  to  the  new  campuses  at  Fresno  and  San 
Francisco  temporarily  inflate  the  expenses  of  these  col- 
leges. Completion  of  new  dormitories  at  California 
Polytechnic  College  will  allow  a  return  to  capacity 
enrollment,  after  a  year  of  shortage  in  student  hous- 
ing when  the  army  resumed  control  of  accommodations 
at  Camp  San  Luis  Obispo. 

Among  the  chief  developments  at  the  special  schools 
are  the  provision  for  the  initial  enrollment  at  the  new 
residential  institution  for  the  deaf  at  Riverside  and 
completion  of  additional  facilities  at  the  School  for  the 
Deaf  in  Berkeley.  An  increase  in  expenses  of  the  Oak- 
land Orientation  Center  for  the  Adult  Blind — a  resi- 
dential institution — is  offset  by  a  decline  in  activities 
at  the  Blind  Center  in  Oakland,  under  legislation 
adopted  last  year. 


A- 25 


A  summary  of  all  current  expense  for  education  is 
given  in  the  following  table : 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1051-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount         Pet. 

Department  of  Education.       $3,612  $3,963  $4,765  $802        20.2 

State  colleges 14,103  14,735  16,972  2,237         15.2 

Technical  colleges 2,332  2,402  2,970  568        23.7 

Special  schools  * 2,151  2,343  2,779  435         18.6 

University    38,121  40,159  52,675  6,516  14.1 

Other  153  159  180  20         12.7 

Totals $60,472         $69,761         $80,340         $10,579         15.2 

*  Including  centers  for  the  blind. 

Mental  Hygiene  and  Corrections,  $75,427,000 

Payments  for  support  of  mental  hygiene  and  correc- 
tional activities  constitute  the  second  important  class  of 
state  expenditures.  The  aggregate  for  these  purposes  in 
1952-53  is  $75,427,000— an  increase  of  $8,743,000  over 
the  estimated  amount  for  the  present  fiscal  year.  More 
than  two-thirds  of  the  total  will  be  used  for  support  of 
mental  hospitals  and  other  work  in  the  field  of  mental 
hygiene.  Less  than  one-third  will  be  expended  for  cor- 
rections, including  the  maintenance  of  prisons,  correc- 
tional schools,  and  parole  supervision. 

The  impact  of  higher  salaries  and  price  inflation  is 
particularly  heavy  in  the  budgets  for  institutions  Of 
the  $14,244,000  provided  for  salary  increases,  $3,794,- 
000  will  go  into  the  expenditure  totals  for  these  agen- 
cies next  year,  while  almost  one-half  of  the  $2,000,000 
requested  to  protect  the  State  in  the  event  of  further 
inflation  may  ultimately  be  allotted  to  institutional 
budgets.  The  two  factors  of  higher  salaries  and  price 
emergency  fund  account  for  more  than  half  the  $8,743,- 
000  increase  in  expenditures  for  mental  hygiene  and 
corrections  shown  in  the  table  below. 

The  Department  of  Mental  Hygiene  is  the  largest 
operating  agency  of  the  State  Government  in  point  of 
current  expense,  with  total  expenditures  of  $54,034,000 
proposed  for  next  year,  a  gain  of  $6,681,000  over  the 
current  year  total.  Since  the  close  of  "World  War  II,  pri- 
mary emphasis  has  been  placed  upon  the  prevention  of 
mental  disorders  and  the  rehabilitation  of  patients  in 
the  State's  mental  hospitals.  Trends  in  this  direction 
have  been  particularly  apparent  during  recent  years, 
with  the  creation  of  additional  local  clinics,  the  adop- 
tion of  new  treatments,  and  medical  research  into  the 
causes  and  treatment  of  mental  illness.  The  results  of 
these  activities  are  clearly  reflected  in  the  proposed 
budget  for  the  coming  year.  For  the  first  time  in  more 
than  two  decades  the  current  increase  in  mental  pa- 
tients is  only  nominal,  and  an  even  smaller  growth  is 
anticipated  next  year. 

Evidence  of  success  in  this  basic  attack  upon  such 
a  deep-seated  social  problem  has  prompted  a  further 
moderate  expansion  in  the  program  for  mental  hy- 
giene. Provision  is  made  for  an  improved  level  of  care 
through  the  addition  of  1,029  new  positions,  chiefly  in 
professional  and  technical  capacities.  New  units  sched- 
uled to  open  next  year  include  receiving  and  treatment 
buildings  at  the  Napa  and  Stockton  hospitals.  A  new 
diagnostic  and  preadmission  service  is  proposed  at  Pa- 
cific Colony  and  Sonoma  State  Home  for  the  mentally 
defective.  An  alcoholic  research  project  is  to  be  under- 
taken at  Agnews,  and  a  survey  of  the  outpatient  clinic 
program  is  recommended. 


The  increase  of  $2,062,000  in  expenditures  for  cor- 
rectional institutions,  to  reach  a  total  of  $21,393,000 
during  1952-53,  reflects  primarily  the  growth  in  the 
number  of  inmates  and  a  more  complete  schedule  of 
operations  in  the  new  facilities  now  being  placed  in 
service.  Population  of  penal  and  reform  institutions  is 
estimated  to  average  14,383  during  the  coming  fiscal 
year,  an  increase  of  568  over  the  present  total.  Except 
for  the  shifting  of  population  and  increase  in  staff 
which  arises  largely  from  the  occupancy  of  new  quar- 
ters, the  budget  for  corrections  in  1952-53  represents  a 
continuation  of  the  current  approved  program  and  a 
consolidation  of  the  improvements  effected  during  re- 
cent years. 

State  expenditures  for  mental  hygiene  and  correc- 
tions are  summarized  in  the  table  below. 


(In  thousands  of  dollars) 


Actual 
1950-51 

Mental  hygiene $39,356 

Corrections    16,511 

Totals $55,868 


Estimated 

1951-52 

$47,354 

19,330 


Proposed 

1952-53 

$54,034 

21,393 


Change  from 
1951-52 
Amount        Pet. 
$6,681         14.1 
2,062         10.7 


1,684         $75,427 


!,743         13.1 


Highways,  Traffic  Law  Enforcement  and 

Regulation  of  Motor  Vehicles,  $62,516,000 

During  the  coming  fiscal  year  the  State  Government 
will  spend  $62,516,000  for  services  to  motorists.  This 
total  includes  the  planning,  administering,  and  main- 
taining of  highways,  enforcement  of  traffic  laws,  and 
the  regulation  of  motor  vehicles.  It  does  not  include 
highway  construction,  for  which  a  sum  almost  twice  as 
large  is  scheduled  for  expenditure. 

By  far  the  major  item  of  interest  in  highway  expen- 
ditures is  the  proposal  to  expand  the  highway  patrol 
as  one  approach  to  the  problem  of  traffic  accidents. 
Until  congestion  of  traffic  arteries  can  be  eliminated 
and  safety  facilities  provided,  reliance  must  be  placed 
upon  greater  vigilance  and  stricter  law  enforcement. 
The  budget  proposes  the  addition  of  232  positions  to 
the  strength  of  the  highway  patrol  to  provide  a  more 
adequate  degree  of  traffic  regulation.  The  cost  of  this 
improvement  will  be  approximately  $1,300,000. 

Changes  in  the  budget  of  the  Department  of  Motor 
Vehicles  arise  primarily  as  a  result  of  the  anticipated 
move  into  new  and  larger  quarters.  Expenditures  for 
maintenance  and  operation  of  buildings  account  for 
approximately  one-quarter  of  the  increase  in  the  cur- 
rent expense  of  this  department.  Other  changes  reflect 
the  greater  work  load  anticipated  as  a  result  of  further 
growth  in  both  the  number  of  vehicles  and  the  number 
of  vehicle  operators. 

Virtually  all  of  the  increase  in  current  expense  for 
state  highways  relates  to  maintenance,  which  must  be 
increased  as  the  program  of  new  and  modern  highways 
is  pressed  forward. 

Operating  expense  by  the  three  agencies  involved 
in  serving  highway  needs  may  be  summarized  as 
follows : 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount         Pet. 

Traffic  law   enforcement..     $10,397        $12,011        $14,461  $2,450        20.4 

Regulation  of  motor 

vehicles    10,094  11.788  13,409  1,621         13.8 

State  highways 31,103  33,244  34,646  1,401  4.2 

Totals    $51,594         $57,043         $62,516  $5,472  9.6 


A- 26 


Conservation  and  Development  of 
Natural  Resources,  $42,939,000 

This  classification  brings  under  one  heading  the 
activities  carried  on  in  several  governmental  agencies 
all  directed  toward  improved  utilization  of  the  State's 
natural  resources.  It  embraces  the  work  of  the  Depart- 
ments of  Agriculture,  Fish  and  Game,  and  Natural 
Resources,  the  Division  of  Water  Resources  and  related 
sections  in  the  Department  of  Public  Works,  the 
Reclamation  Board,  and  the  Division  of  Fairs  and 
Expositions  in  the  Department  of  Finance.  In  the 
aggregate,  these  agencies  will  expend  $42,939,000  on 
various  phases  of  resource  conservation  and  develop- 
ment during  the  coming  year — $3,969,000,  or  10.2  per- 
cent, more  than  will  be  spent  in  these  activities  during 
1951-52. 

The  largest  and  most  diversified  of  these  operating 
units  is  the  Department  of  Natural  Resources  which 
administers  state  beaches  and  parks,  protects  forest 
and  brush  areas,  supervises  mining  and  oil  field  activ- 
ity, and  assists  in  the  formation  of  soil  conservation 
districts.  In  total,  more  than  $16,257,000  will  be  spent 
on  this  work  during  1952-53.  Except  for  minor  addi- 
tions to  personnel  in  forestry,  beach  and  park 
operations,  and  rising  payments  to  counties  and  the 
United  States  Forest  Service  for  fire  protection  on 
lands  of  state  responsibility,  the  proposed  budget 
provides  merely  for  a  continuation  of  present  approved 
programs. 

Legislation  adopted  last  year  established  the  former 
Division  of  Fish  and  Game  as  an  independent  depart- 
ment of  State  Government.  This  agency  is  charged 
with  the  responsibility  of  formulating  policies,  pre- 
serving wild  life,  controlling  predatory  animals,  con- 
ducting research,  and  enforcing  fish  and  game  laws, 
including  the  regulation  of  commercial  fisheries.  Main- 
tenance of  the  present  level  of  operations  during  the 
next  fiscal  period  will  involve  expenditures  of  $6,801,- 
000.  Virtually  all  of  the  $399,000  increase  over  the 
current  total  represents  the  proposed  higher  salary 
level  and  State's  share  of  expenses  incurred  in  con- 
nection with  game  management  projects  conducted 
jointly  with  the  Federal  Government. 

A  parallel  situation  exists  in  the  budget  of  the  State 
Department  of  Agriculture.  Expenditures  proposed 
have  been  held  strictly  within  the  limits  of  the  program 
approved  for  the  current  year.  Totals  are  shown  in 
the  table  below. 

The  major  change  in  expenditures  for  the  develop- 
ment of  water  resources  is  the  provision  of  $800,000  to 
finance  necessary  preliminary  work  in  connection  with 
the  development  of  the  Feather  River  Project,  author- 
ized by  Chapter  1441,  Statutes  of  1951. 

Expenditures  for  agricultural  fairs  and  expositions 
under  jurisdiction  of  the  State  are  budgeted  at  $5,624,- 
000  next  year,  an  increase  of  7.8  percent  over  the  cur- 
rent total.  Additional  funds  are  provided  for  district 
agricultural  associations,  under  provisions  of  law  gov- 
erning the  distribution  of  horse  racing  revenue. 


The  following  data  summarize  the  current  expense 
for  conservation  and  development  of  natural  resources. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51        1951-52        1952-53         Amount        Pet. 

Agriculture    $8,501  $9,695         $10,027  $331  3.4 

Fish  and  game 5.143  6.403  6,801  399  6.2 

Beaches  and  parks 2,322  2,555  2,777  222  8.7 

Forestry     10,351  10,864  12,218  1,355         12.5 

Mining,  gas,  and  oil 788  860  911  51  5.9 

Water  resources 2,548  3,100  4,229  1,129        36.4 

Fairs  and  expositions 4,893  5,219  5,624  405  7.8 

Other 216  274  351  77         28.1 

Totals $34,762        $38,970        $42,939  $3,969        10.2 

Social  Welfare  and  Public  Health,  $19,417,000 

Activities  brought  together  under  the  heading  of 
welfare  and  health  include  administration  of  public 
assistance,  regulation  of  health,  aid  to  veterans  and 
promotion  of  welfare  among  the  workers  in  industry. 
With  the  exception  of  the  last  two  functions,  this  is 
a  field  in  which  most  of  the  expenditures  are  made 
through  cities  and  counties  and  are  reported  as  local 
assistance.  Amounts  shown  as  current  expense  repre- 
sent only  the  cost  of  State  supervision  of  jointly 
financed  programs. 

Here,  again,  the  program  of  expenditures  totaling 
$19,417,000  for  next  year  contains  no  important  devia- 
tions from  that  now  in  operation.  The  increase  of  4 
percent  represents  almost  entirely  salary  adjustments 
and  the  accompanying  increase  in  contributions  to  the 
employees '  retirement  plan.  Assistance  to  veterans  who 
are  completing  their  education  is  expected  to  continue 
the  moderate  decline  shown  for  the  first  time  this  fiscal 
year.  An  apparent  decline  in  expenditures  by  the 
Department  of  Public  Health  for  crippled  children  is, 
in  fact,  the  result  of  transferring  certain  therapist 
positions  to  the  local  assistance  classification.  The  work 
will  actually  go  on  as  now  established. 

In  some  aspects,  operations  of  the  Department  of 
Industrial  Relations  must  parallel  changes  in  economic 
activity  and  employment.  For  this  reason  adjustments 
are  proposed  to  intensify  the  work  on  accident  preven- 
tion and  safety,  and  the  adjudication  of  cases  arising 
under  the  workmen 's  compensation  insurance  law. 

Expenditures  recommended  for  support  of  State 
agencies  during  1952-53  are  summarized  below : 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51        1951-52        1952-53         Amount        Pet. 

Industrial  relations $4,307  $4,933  $5,523  $590         12.0 

Public  health 4.316  5,167  5,282  115  2.2 

Social  welfare 1,920  2,015  2.255  240         11.9 

Veterans  affairs 6,406  6,440  6,294  —146      — 2.3 

Other   30  66  64  — 2       —3.0 

Totals $16,978         $18,620         $19,417  $797  4.3 

Fiscal  Affairs,  $26,324,000 

Financial  affairs,  involving  the  collection  of  state 
revenue,  auditing  of  tax  returns,  business  management, 
control  over  and  auditing  of  expenditures,  and  the  cus- 
tody of  state  funds  are  divided  among  six  state  agen- 
cies.4  Total  expenditures  of  $26,324,000  are  recom- 

4  The  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles,  classified  in  the  broad  group 
of  highways  and  motor  vehicles,  collects  registration  and 
weight  fees,  license  (in  lieu)  fees,  drivers'  license  fees  and 
other  motor  vehicle  charges.  The  Department  of  Insurance 
receives  reports  essential  to  the  administration  of  the  insur- 
ance premiums  tax,  and  virtually  all  of  the  regulatory  agencies 
collect  fees  incidental  to  their  other  activities.  Expenditures 
for  these  purposes  are  excluded  from  the  totals  shown  for 
fiscal  affairs. 


A- 27 


mended  for  1952-53,  an  increase  of  $2,242,000  over  the 
corresponding  amount  required  in  the  current  year. 

Minor  changes,  both  increases  and  decreases,  are 
shown  in  the  recommendations  for  these  agencies,  most 
of  which  are  generated  by  improved  business  practices. 
There  are,  however,  three  factors  contributing  to  a  net 
increase :  (1)  Expenditures  for  support  of  the  Division 
of  Building  and  Grounds  will  increase  as  new  state- 
owned  office  space  becomes  available.  This  item  alone 
accounts  for  approximately  $400,000  of  the  increase 
shown  for  the  Department  of  Finance.  (2)  Additional 
emphasis  upon  auditing  and  further  expansion  of  cen- 
tralized disbursements  will  add  $180,000  to  the  current 
expense  of  operating  the  State  Controller's  Office.  (3) 
Leases  and  equipment  obtained  in  connection  with 
state  administration  of  aged  and  blind  aid,  under  the 
short-lived  constitutional  amendment  of  1948,  are  being 
liquidated  by  the  Finance  Department.  A  decline  in 
revenue  from  sales  of  equipment,  which  is  an  offset 
against  this  expense,  has  the  effect  of  contributing 
$115,000  to  the  budget  increase. 

A  summary  of  current  expense  for  fiscal  affairs  fol- 
lows :  (In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51        1951-52        1952-53         Amount        Pet. 
Control  and  Management : 

Board  of  Control S17  $22  $23  $1  7.7 

Controller »   1,360  1,473  1,674  201         13.6 

Department  of  Finance >>        4,574  5,415  6,287  872         16.1 

Treasurer 261  295  301  6  2.0 

Subtotal $6,212  $7,205  $8,285  $1,080  15.0 

Tax  Collection: 

Board  of  Equalization—  $11,970  $13,161  $14,051  $890  6.8 

Controller  =   982  1,058  1,145  87  8.3 

Franchise  Tax  Board—  2,580  3,201  3,400  199  6.2 

Subtotal $15,532         $17,420         $18,596  $1,176  6.8 

Total,  Fiscal  Affairs $21,744         $24,625         $26,882  $2,256  al 

Less:  Adjustments*—  675  544  558  14  2.6 

Net  Totals $21,069         $24,081         $26,324  $2,242  8.9 

n  Excluding  tax  collection  divisions  of  the  Controller's  Office. 

b  Excluding  the  Division  of  Fairs  and  Expositions  (see  Conservation  of  Natural  Re- 
sources). 

0  Tax  collection  divisions  only. 

*  Credits  to  the  General  Fund  for  overhead  services  charged  to  agencies  supported  from 
special  funds.  The  adjustment  is  necessary  to  avoid  duplication  of  the  amounts 
shown. 

Other  Expense,  $30,596,000 

Legislative,  judicial,  executive,  general  administra- 
tive,5 and  regulatory  activities  are  grouped  under 
the  heading  of  miscellaneous  expense  for  purposes  of 
this  analysis.  Principal  contributions  to  the  total  are 
made  by  the  regulatory  bodies,  such  as  the  Public  Utili- 
ties Commission,  the  six  offices  dealing  with  the  general 
subjects  of  banking  and  investment,6  and  the  28 
boards,  bureaus,  and  commissions  regulating  the  pro- 
fessions and  vocations.7  Expenditures  of  these  regu- 
latory agencies  are  estimated  to  be  $9,561,000  during 
1952-53,  under  the  budget  recommendations — almost 
one-third  of  the  miscellaneous  expense  total. 

The  principal  increase  involved  is  the  provision  for 
augmentation  of  revolving  funds  in  the  amount  of 
$2,000,000.  This  sum  is  required  to  operate  at  current 
high  price  levels  such  activities  as  purchasing,  manu- 
facturing operations  of  the  blind,  prison  industries,  and 
purchase  of  ballot  paper.  Although  classified  as  an  ex- 

5  General   administrative   agencies   include  the    State   Employees' 

Retirement  System,  the  Commission  on  Interstate  Cooperation, 
the  Personnel  Board,  and  the  Secretary  of  State's  Office. 

6  Divisions  of  Banking,  Building  and  Loan,  Corporations,  and  Real 

Estate  ;  the  Department  of  Insurance  ;  and  the  District  Secu- 
rities Commission.  Regulatory  expense  incurred  by  other  de- 
partments   incidental    to    their    principal    functions    are    not 
included  in  the  totals  presented  here. 
'  See  Budget  Schedule  3  for  a  list  of  these  agencies. 


penditure,  the  addition  is  actually  a  transfer  to  special 
accounts  to  finance  expenditures  elsewhere  reported.  It 
should  also  be  noted  that  legislative  expense  in  1952-53 
is  not  strictly  comparable  with  the  present  year.  Allow- 
ance is  made  for  the  longer  regular  session  next  year, 
as  compared  with  the  short  budget  session  to  be  held 
in  March,  1952. 

A  summary  of  the  principal  items  comprising  other 
expense  is  given  in  the  following  table : 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount         Pet. 

Legislative   $3,381  $2,661  $3,051  $391         14.7 

Judicial    1,164  1,344  1,467  124  9.2 

Executive  and  civil  defense  9S9  2,061  2,014  — 47      — 2.3 

General  administrative  —        2,002  2,074  2,340  267         12.9 

Regulative    : 7,921  8.S68  9,561  693  7.8 

Other  •    7,535  8.668  11,391  2,723         31.4 

Reserve  for  contingencies "  —  400  1,500  1,100      275.0 

Totals    $22,993         $26,075         $31,325  $5,249         20.1 

Less:  Adjustments  * 680  710  728  18  2.5 

Net   Totals    $22,312         $25,365         $30,596  $5,232         20.6 

a  Including  the  Departments  of  Justice  and  Military  Affairs,  Public  Works  other  than 

expenditures  for  highways  and  water  resources,  and  miscellaneous  expenses. 
b  The  amount  shown  for  1951-52  represents  the  unallocated  balance  of  the  $1,500,000 

emergency  fund  provided  for  the  current  year.  The  $1,500,000  given  for  1952-53 

is  the  total  emergency  fund  requested  for  the  coming  fiscal  year. 
*  Credits  to  the  General  Fund  for  overhead  services  charged  to  agencies  supported  from 

special  funds.  The  adjustment  is  necessary  to  avoid  duplication  of  the  amounts 

shown. 

CAPITAL  OUTLAY 

With  the  exception  of  projects  deferred  by  legisla- 
tive action,  the  State's  postwar  building  program,  as 
now  authorized,  is  drawing  to  completion.  As  a  result 
of  a  sharp  increase  in  building  costs  and  continued 
population  growth,  the  original  program  fails  to  sat- 
isfy current  needs  despite  modifications  during  recent 
years.8  In  order  to  meet  these  problems  of  inflation 
and  growth,  the  1952-53  Budget  contains  recommen- 
dations for  a  substantial  amount  of  construction  at 
mental  hospitals,  homes,  correctional  institutions,  edu- 
cational centers,  and  other  sites  of  concentrated  gov- 
ernmental activity.  In  contrast  with  the  original  pro- 
gram which  necessarily  was  pointed  toward  meeting 
the  deficiencies  of  the  past  occasioned  by  a  depression 
and  war,  the  budget  proposals  are  directed  at  the 
present  and  toward  sound  planning  for  the  future. 
Funds  are  included  in  the  budgets  of  each  department 
for  preparation  of  preliminary  plans  for  new  major 
construction  projects  so  that  the  scope  and  better  esti- 
mates of  costs  can  be  determined  prior  to  the  appropri- 
ation of  funds  for  working  drawings  and  construction. 

Capital  outlay  expenditures  budgeted  for  1952-53 
total  $222,043,000,  or  an  increase  of  $5,902,000  over 
estimated  expenditures  of  the  current  fiscal  year.  Of 
this  total,  $108,117,000  relates  to  the  construction  of 
highway  facilities,  flood  control,  and  reclamation. 
These  are  continuing  projects,  carried  on  essentially 
to  the  limit  of  available  resources  and,  for  the  most 
part,  fixed  by  statute.  Highway  construction  alone  will 
involve  expenditures  of  $107  million,  approximately 
$11  million  less  than  during  the  current  year,  due  to 
a  reduction  in  unexpended  balances  carried  forward 
from  earlier  periods.  The  remainder,  $113,926,000,  is 
the  program  for  property  acquisition,  structures,  and 
equipment  which  is  subject  to  the  determination  of  the 
Governor  and  the  Legislature.  The  proposed  program 


'  The  index  of  construction  costs  in  California  has  increased  102 
percent  since  1943  ;  53  percent  since  1946  :  and  16  percent  since 
1948.  Population  on  July  1,  1953,  is  estimated  to  be  11,800,000, 
an  increase  of  40  percent  since  1943  and  23.6  percent  since  1946. 


A- 28 


for  these  purposes  in  the  ensuing  year  represents  an 
increase  of  $17  million,  or  17.6  percent  from  the  cur- 
rent year  and  $30  million  more  than  was  expended 
in  1950-51. 

A  summary  is  shown  below. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 

Actual  Estimated  Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51  1951-52  1952-53  Amount        Pet. 
Highways  and  vehicle 

regulation    $115,789  $118,868  $107,699  —$11,169       —9.4 

Mental  hygiene  and 

corrections 21,692  37,420  41,534  4,114         11.0 

Education    39,476  21,891  35,412  13,521         61.8 

Conservation  of  natural 

resources    9,695  12,059  10,908  —1,151       —9.5 

Social  welfare  and  health.         7,608  2,957  2,642  — 315     — 10.7 

AU  other 6,083  22,947  23,849  902           3.9 

Totals $200,343       $216,142       $222,043  $5,902  2.7 

For  the  most  part  the  new  building  construction 
contemplated  in  this  program  will  be  financed  by  util- 
izing a  part  of  the  existing  General  Fund  surplus.  A 
transfer  of  $86,574,000  to  the  Capital  Outlay  and  Sav- 
ings Fund,  together  with  unappropriated  balances  in 
this  fund,  will  provide  $97,701,000  of  the  total  required. 
Capital  outlay  for  civilian  defense  and  acquisition  of 
certain  forest  lands,  totaling  $4,618,000,  will  be  met 
by  direct  General  Fund  appropriation,  while  $119,- 
724,000  will  be  paid  from  special  funds,  chiefly  for 
highway  construction,  fairs,  and  projects  relating  to 
the  colleges  of  agriculture  at  the  University,  California 
Polytechnic,  and  Fresno  State. 

Mental  Hygiene  and  Corrections,  $41 ,534,000 

"With  the  exception  of  highways,  the  principal  budget 
items  for  capital  outlay  relate  to  expansion  of  facilities 
at  state  mental  hospitals,  prisons,  and  correctional 
schools.  Major  projects  at  the  mental  institutions  in- 
clude a  juvenile  unit  at  Camarillo,  replacement  of 
wards  at  Mendocino,  Napa,  Patton,  Stockton,  and 
Sonoma,  and  additions  at  Pacific  Colony,  Porterville 
and  the  Napa  tubercular  ward.  In  the  field  of  correc- 
tions, the  budget  provides  more  than  $5  million  for  the 
new  medical  facility  at  Vacaville,  plus  other  amounts 
for  additional  cell  buildings  at  Chino,  development  of 
the  Deuel  Vocational  Institution,  and  improvements  at 
Folsom,  San  Quentin,  and  Soledad.  The  program  rec- 
ommended for  the  Youth  Authority  will  expand  school 
capacity  at  Paso  Robles,  Los  Guilucos,  and  the  Southern 
California  Reception  Center,  rebuild  the  Ventura 
School  at  a  new  location,  and  replace  inferior  struc- 
tures at  Preston,  and  the  Fred  C.  Nelles  School. 

Amounts  budgeted  for  construction  at  mental  and 
correctional  institutions  are  shown  below. 


(In  thousands  of  dollars) 


Actual 
1950-51 

Mental  hygiene $11,900 

Corrections: 

Adult  facilities 6,693 

Youth  Authority 3,099 

Totals $21,692 


Estimated 
1951-52 


Proposed 
1952-53 


$23,136         $22,035 


Change  from 

1951-52 

Amount         Pet. 

—$1,101       — 4.8 


8,167 
6,117 


11,651 
7,848 


3,484 
1,731 


42.7 
28.3 


$37,420         $41,534 


$4,114         11.0 


the  new  campus  at  Santa  Barbara.  Among  the  colleges, 
particular  attention  is  given  to  the  new  institutions  at 
Long  Beach  and  Sacramento,  and  the  transfer  of  Fresno 
State  College  to  its  new  location.  Replacement  of  tempo- 
rary buildings  is  scheduled  at  the  San  Luis  Obispo 
campus  of  California  Polytechnic  College,  and  develop- 
ment will  start  on  the  Kellogg  campus.  A  new  gym- 
nasium and  swimming  pool  is  planned  at  the  School  for 
the  Deaf  in  Berkeley. 

Expenditures  are  classified  by  principal  types  of  in- 
stitutions in  the  following  table. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount         Pet. 

State  colleges $20,141  $9,016        $12,944  $3,927        43.6 

Technical  colleges 1,880  1,079  4,525  3,446      319.2 

Special   schools »    4,608  425  741  317         74.6 

University    12,848  11,371  16,955  5,584         49.1 

Other —  —  247  247        — 

Totals $39,476         $21,891         $35,412         $13,521         61.8 

*  Including  centers  for  the  blind. 

Conservation  and  Development  of 
Natural  Resources,  $10,908,000 

Conservation  and  development  of  natural  resources 
has  received  increasing  attention  during  recent  years. 
"Wildlife  conservation,  development  of  beach  and  park 
areas,  and  the  protection  of  forests  and  watersheds 
have  taken  on  added  importance  as  the  population  of 
the  State  has  grown.  Programs  comprising  this  long- 
term  development  are  continued  in  the  budget  recom- 
mendations for  1952-53. 

In  the  field  of  fish  and  game  conservation  expendi- 
tures totalling  $4  million  are  proposed  for  the  acquisi- 
tion of  waterfowl  feeding  areas  and  the  construction  of 
fish  hatcheries.  Purchases  of  new  beach  and  park  areas 
are  budgeted  at  $880,000,  and  $1,300,000  is  requested 
for  improvements  in  these  recreational  areas.  Acquisi- 
tion of  forest  lands,  construction  of  fire  control  stations, 
and  improvement  at  forestry  work  camps  make  up  the 
$1,400,000  proposed  for  forest  conservation. 

Expenditures  for  agricultural  fairs  and  expositions 
in  the  amount  of  $1,600,000  relate  entirely  to  the 
capital  outlay  allocations  provided  by  law  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  horseracing  license  fees.  Requests  totalling 
$638,000  are  made  for  plant  quarantine  stations  and 
laboratories  operated  by  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture and  minor  construction  at  the  poultry  improve- 
ment project. 

Expenditures  classified  by  principal  functions  are 
given  below. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51        1951-52        1952-53         Amount        Pet. 

Agriculture    $444  $243  $638  $395       162,4 

Fish  and  game 1,412  2,733  4,301  1,567        57.3 

Beaches  and  parks 2,320  4,570  2,217        —2,353    —51.5 

Forestry    2,448  1,398  1,361  —37      —2.6 

Water   resources    1,304  1,223  750  —473     —38.7 

Fairs  and  expositions 1,764  1,891  1,637  —254     —13.4 

Other 3  —  4  4         — 

Totals    $9,695         $12,059         $10,908       —$1,151       —9.5 


Education,  $35,412,000 

The  thirty -five  million  dollars  budgeted  for  construc- 
tion at  educational  centers  in  1952-53  is  almost  equally 
divided  between  the  university  and  the  colleges.  The 
university  program  includes  major  projects  on  all  of  its 
sites,  with  emphasis  upon  buildings  in  Los  Angeles  and 


Social  Welfare  and  Health,  $2,642,000 

Items  falling  into  this  category  are  $1,034,000  for 
the  purchase  of  sites  and  construction  of  buildings 
to  be  occupied  by  the  Department  of  Employment  at 
various  locations  throughout  the  State,  and  $1,608,000 
for  improvements  at  the  Veterans  Home — a  total  of 


A- 29 


$2,642,000.  Comparable  amounts  in  the  current  year 
and  during  1950-51  are  $2,957,000  and  $7,608,000, 
respectively. 

All  Other,  $23,849,000 

Totals  for  all  other  capital  outlay  items  are  seriously 
distorted  by  unallocated  sums  of  $13,230,000  in  the 
current  year  and  $13,000,000  in  1952-53.  These 
amounts  are  necessary  to  meet  differences  between  esti- 
mated and  contract  prices  of  projects  in  the  program 
as  a  whole  and  to  cover  unforeseen  contingencies.  Other 
major  amounts  included  in  the  miscellaneous  total  are 
the  $2,000,000  for  construction  of  an  office  building  at 
Sacramento,  $800,000  for  purchase  of  building  sites  in 
San  Jose,  Santa  Barbara,  and  San  Diego,  and  $2,600,- 
000  for  the  renovation  of  existing  state  buildings,  espe- 
cially in  connection  with  removals  to  new  quarters.  A 
summary  of  miscellaneous  outlay  requirements  is  tabu- 
lated below. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated       Proposed  1951-52 

1950-51        1951-52        1952-53         Amount        Pet. 

General     government  * $4,767  $1,897  $5,551  $3,654       192.7 

Military    affairs 1,313  — 161  1.080  1,242        — 

Civil  defense —  7.9S2  4,218        — 3,764    — 47.2 

Other 2  —  —  —        — 

Unallocated  t    —  13,230  13,000  — 230      — 1.7 

Totals    $6,083         $22,947         $23,S49  $902  3.9 

*  Primarily  general  office  buildings,  appropriation  to  be  made  to  Department  of  Finance. 
t  Chiefly  amounts  necessary  to  meet  increased  prices  of  construction  projects  shown 
under  other  classifications. 

LOCAL  ASSISTANCE 

State  assistance  to  local  units  of  government  is  pro- 
vided in  the  form  of  subventions  and  allocations  of 
revenue  from  taxes  levied  wholly  or  partly  for  the 
benefit  of  cities  and  counties.  Of  the  $625,800,000  esti- 
mated for  local  assistance  next  year,  76  percent  repre- 
sents subventions  and  24  percent  is  shared  revenue. 
Payments  fall  into  the  six  broad  functional  categories 
discussed  above,  with  education  of  primary  importance, 
followed  by  social  welfare  and  public  health;  roads 
and  streets,  and  support  of  general  government.  Pay- 
ments for  conservation  of  natural  resources  are  of 
relatively  minor  importance.  Subventions  for  mental 
hygiene  and  corrections  are  negligible  in  relation  to 
the  total.  Amounts  budgeted  for  each  purpose  in  1952- 
53  are  shown  below : 

Budgeted  Change  from  1951-52  Percent 

expenditures  Amount          Per-  of  total 

(millions)  (millions)         cent  assistance 

Education $302.9  $34.5         12.9  48.4 

Social  welfare 151.3  1.3           0.9  24.2 

Public  health 13.9  1.3         10.3  2.2 

Roads  and  streets 78.2  3.6           4.8  12.5 

Conservation  of  resources         4.0  — 1.9     — 31.5  0.7 

Corrections 0.7  —           —  0.1 

All  other 74.7  0.2           0.3  11.9 

Totals $625.S         $39.1  6.7         100.0 

Subventions  for  Education,  $302,900,000 

State  payments  for  the  support  of  public  schools  and 
related  activities  are  estimated  to  reach  a  new  record 
of  $302,863,000  during  1952-53,  an  increase  of  $34,530,- 
000  over  the  amount  required  in  the  current  year, 
which  in  its  turn  is  a  new  peak,  by  a  margin  of  $26,- 
000,000.  The  underlying  cause  of  such  rapid  growth 
is  the  entrance  into  the  public  school  systems  of  the 
children  born  in  1946.  This  wave  of  youngsters  entered 
kindergarten  classes  in  1951,  producing  a  35  percent 
increase  over  the  previous  year.  It  will  roll  on  through 


the  school  system  for  more  than  a  decade,  followed  in 
a  year  or  two  by  slightly  smaller  classes,  but  destined 
to  reach  another  peak  when  the  250,000  babies  born 
last  year  enter  school  in  1956. 

Total  enrollment  in  elementary  schools,  high  schools, 
and  junior  colleges  on  October  31, 1951,  was  2,259,160, 
of  which  341,471  were  in  classes  for  adults  and  13,651 
were  special  students  in  regular  classes.  This  repre- 
sented an  increase  of  6.6  percent  over  the  corresponding 
date  of  the  previous  year.  Graded  enrollment  in  regular 
classes,  kindergarten  through  grade  14,  totaled  1,875,- 
138 — an  increase  of  144,035  or  8.3  percent  over  1950. 
Details  of  average  daily  attendance,  which  determines 
the  State's  payments  for  school  support,  are  shown  in 
the  local  assistance  section  of  the  budget. 

Apportionments  for  school  support,  required  by  ex- 
isting law,  are  estimated  to  total  $258,638,000  in  1952- 
53.  A  special  appropriation  of  $12,000,000  is  recom- 
mended to  augment  this  sum,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
less  wealthy  districts  as  part  of  the  program  for  equal- 
izing school  costs. 

Legislation  enacted  in  1951,  placing  school  appor- 
tionments on  a  current  basis,  is  a  second  factor  con- 
tributing to  the  $26,000,000  additional  cost  of  schools 
during  1951-52.  Heretofore  an  increase  in  state  support 
lagged  a  year  behind  an  increase  in  attendance,  except 
in  the  most  rapidly  growing  districts. 

Another  element  adding  to  the  State 's  total  payment 
for  education  is  the  debt  service  charge  on  school  build- 
ing bonds  approved  by  the  voters  in  1949.  Interest  and 
redemption  on  these  obligations  during  1952-53  will 
amount  to  $8,330,000.  Receipts  from  local  districts  are 
estimated  at  $2,881,000,  leaving  a  net  expense  of  $5,- 
449,000  to  be  carried  by  State  Government. 

Contributions  to  the  Teachers '  Retirement  System  in 
the  next  fiscal  year  will  require  approximately  $18,- 
522,000— an  increase  of  $2,132,000  over  the  total  for 
1951-52.  The  expense  of  providing  free  textbooks  is 
expected  to  decline  slightly,  occasioned  chiefly  by  the 
large  expenditure  for  this  purpose  in  the  current  year, 
while  fractional  declines  are  anticipated  in  subventions 
for  child  care  centers  and  vocational  education.  Federal 
grants  for  vocational  education  are  expected  to  increase 
$228,000.9 

Comparative  subventions  for  education  are  : 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual         Estimated      Estimated  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52        1952-53         Amount        Pet. 

School  support $215,256       $241,090       $270,638         $29,549         12.3 

Teachers'  retirement 16,650  16,390  18,522  2,132         13.0 

Child  care  centers 4,540  5,370  5,361  —9      — 0.2 

Vocational  education 363  331  306  —25      —7.4 

Free   textbooks   2,336  2,782  2,587  —195       —7.0 

Cerebral  palsied* 198  14  —  —14  —100.0 

School  buildings  t 1,933  —440  —  440         — 

Debt   service 818  2,797  5,449  2,652         94.8 

Totals $242,093       $268,333       $302,863         $34,530         12.9 

*  Special  appropriation  approved  in  1949  to  provide  necessary  housing  and  equipment 
for  the  education  of  cerebral  palsied  children. 

t  Special  appropriations  enacted  in  1947  and  1948  to  provide  for  school  building  con- 
struction in  distressed  districts.  It  is  estimated  that  returns  from  allotments 
previously  made  will  exceed  new  allocations  during  1952-53. 

Social  Welfare,  $151,329,000 

After  many  years  of  continued  growth,  subven- 
tions for  social  welfare,  including  payments  for  old 
age  security,  assistance  to  the  blind,  and  aid  to 
needy  children,  are  expected  to  show  a  remarkable 

0  Expenditures  from  federal  funds  are  not  included  in  the  budget 
totals. 


A- 30 


degree  of  stability  in  the  period  covered  by  this  budget. 
An  improved  labor  market  which  keeps  older  workers 
painfully  employed  and  provides  work  opportunities 
for  responsible  relatives  is  the  chief  reason  for  this 
change.  Additional  factors,  so  far  as  state  expenditures 
are  concerned,  are  the  increase  in  average  payments 
under  the  federal  old  age  and  survivors  insurance  law 
and  the  legislation  adopted  in  1951  with  respect  to  the 
payment  of  aid  to  needy  children. 

Kecent  trends  in  the  case  loads  under  the  aged,  blind, 
and  children 's  aid  programs  have  been  similar  to  those 
shown  in  the  early  months  of  World  "War  II.  At  that 
time  a  stability  in  number  of  cases  during  the  early 
months  of  the  war  was  followed  by  a  moderate  decline 
in  aged  aid  and  a  sharp  drop  in  the  program  of  as- 
sistance to  children.  Since  the  present  defense  effort 
is  far  less  pressing  than  the  intense  war  activity  of  the 
earlier  period,  aged  and  blind  case  loads  have  been 
estimated  to  remain  relatively  unchanged  during 
1952-53.  The  number  of  children's  aid  cases  is  expected 
to  decline,  but  allowance  has  been  made  for  a  slight 
increase  in  average  payments  in  the  coming  fiscal  year. 
Estimates  of  case  loads  in  1952-53  show  an  average  of 
276,575  recipients  of  old  age  security,  12,125  receiving 
blind  aid,  and  131,300  in  the  program  of  aid  to  needy 
children.  The  latter  amount  represents  a  decrease  of 
6,016  from  the  estimated  average  for  the  current  year. 
Expenditure  requirements  are  summarized  in  the  fol- 
lowing tabulation. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual        Estimated      Estimated  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount         Pet. 

Old  age  security $109,626       $106,672       $107,134  $462  0.4 

Security  for  the  blind 5,350  5,590  5,867  277  5.0 

Aid  to  needy  children 32,361  34,591  34,893  303  0.9 

Institution  care  t 1,166  1,227  1,246  19  1.5 

Subtotals     $148,503  $148,080  $149,141  $1,060  0.7 

Inspections  *   519  635  731  96  15.2 

Adoptions  *   442  929  1,107  178  19.2 

Veterans  service   322  342  350  8  2.4 

Veterans  housing — 239  —  —  ■ —  • — 

Totals $149,546       $149,986       $151,329  $1,343  0.9 

t  Medical  care  of  aged  and  blind  after  the  first  two  months  of  confinement  in  county 
hospitals.  Payments  are  in  lieu  of  assistance  to  the  individuals. 

*  State  reimbursement  to  counties  for  the  expense  of  licensing  and  inspecting  boarding 

homes  for  aged  and  children,  and  for  administrative  expense  of  the  adoption  pro- 
gram and  cost  of  caring  for  the  children. 

Public  Health,  $13,942,000 

Historically,  subventions  for  public  health  have  been 
among  the  most  rapidly  growing  of  state  expenditure 
items.  Less  than  a  decade  ago  payments  were  limited  to 
the  program  of  tuberculosis  subsidies  at  a  cost  of  ap- 
proximately $500,000  annually.  In  the  coming  fiscal 
year,  provision  is  made  for  assistance  in  the  operation 
of  five  programs,  costing  $13,942,000.  The  principal 
items  of  increase  next  year  are  aid  to  crippled  children, 
payments  for  support  of  local  health  departments,  and 
assistance  in  the  care  and  treatment  of  persons  suffer- 
ing from  tuberculosis.  Amounts  are  as  follows : 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual        Estimated      Estimated  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount         Pet. 

Local  health  departments.      $2,712  $2,751  $3,094  $343         12.5 

Tuberculosis  subsidies 4,801  4,937  5,188  251  5.1 

Crippled  children 1,248  2,252  3,390  •  1,138  5.0 

Mosquito  and  gnat  control  399  400  400  —        — 

Hospital  construction  ___         1,504  2,295  1.870  —425     — 18.5 

Totals    $10,663         $12,635         $13,942  $1,307         10.3 

*  Including  $302,694  shown  under  the  State  Operations  in  previous  years. 


Roads  and  Streets,  $78,208,000 

State  apportionments  to  local  governments  for  roads 
and  streets  represent  city  and  county  shares  of  the 
motor  vehicle  fuel  tax  and  the  counties'  share  of  regis- 
tration fees.  By  statutory  provision,  cities  receive  an 
amount  equal  to  five-eighths  of  a  cent  per  gallon  of  fuel 
taxed,  while  the  allotment  to  counties  is  equal  to  one 
and  three-eighths  cents  per  gallon.  In  addition,  county 
governments  receive  a  share  of  motor  vehicle  registra- 
tion and  weight  fees.  Amounts  to  be  apportioned  during 
1952-53  are  expected  to  increase  moderately,  as  a  result 
of  the  higher  tax  collections  anticipated  next  year.  The 
following  data  summarize  the  estimated  changes  dur- 
ing the  budget  period. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual        Estimated      Estimated  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount        Pet. 

For  County  Roads: 

Fuel   tax   $42,525         $45,934         $48,025  $2,091  4.6 

Registration  fees 7,086  7,804  8,354  550  7.0 

Subtotals     $49,612         $53,738         $56,379  $2,641  4.9 

For  City  Streets: 

Fuel  tax 19,330  20,879  21,829  951  4.6 

Totals    $68,941        $74,616        $78,208  $3,592  4.8 

Conservation  of  Natural  Resources,  $4,046,000 

Principal  item  of  expenditure  in  this  classification 
is  the  aid  to  county  agricultural  fairs  provided  by  the 
statute  governing  distribution  of  horse  racing  revenue. 
Apportionments  during  1952-53  are  estimated  to  be 
$2,470,000,  a  decrease  of  $528,000  from  the  current  year, 
due  to  a  reduction  in  accumulated  balances  available 
for  capital  outlay.  State  assistance  to  counties  for  agri- 
cultural commissioner  salaries  and  allocations  for  flood 
control  comprise  the  other  payments  in  this  group. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual        Estimated      Estimated  1951-52 

1950-51        1951-52        1952-53         Amount        Pet. 

Aid  to  fairs $2,287  $2,998  $2,470  — $528     — 17.6 

Flood  control 2,732  2,788  1,352         —1,436     —51.5 

Agricultural  commissioners  96  114  117  4  3.3 

Other   72  4  106  102  * 

Totals    $5,187  $5,904  $4,046       —$1,857     —31.5 

*  2,550  percent. 

Other  Assistance,  $74,717,000 

This  miscellaneous  group  of  subventions  and  shared 
revenues  comprises  payments  by  the  State  for  the  gen- 
eral support  of  local  government.  It  includes  appor- 
tionments of  motor  vehicle  license  fee  receipts,  collected 
in  lieu  of  local  property  taxes,  liquor  license  fees,  minor 
amounts  of  unrefunded  aircraft  fuel  tax  available  for 
airports,  and  a  number  of  general  purpose  subventions. 
Vehicle  license  fee  apportionments  of  $61,401,000  will 
be  divided  equally  between  cities  and  counties.  Liquor 
license  fee  apportionments,  estimated  at  $8,110,000, 
will  be  divided  $6,508,000  to  cities  and  $1,602,000  to 
county  governments.  Apportionments  for  public  works 
represent  essentially  the  final  expenditures  from  the 
postwar  construction  fund  established  for  the  benefit 
of  local  governments  in  1946. 

(In  thousands  of  dollars) 

Change  from 
Actual        Estimated      Estimated  1951-52 

1950-51         1951-52         1952-53  Amount         Pet. 

Vehicle   license  fees $47,277        $61,363        $61,401  $38  0.1 

Liquor  license  fees 8,557  7,772  8,110  338  4.3 

Postwar  public  works 8,497  3,450  3,200  —250       — 7.2 

Judges'  salaries  and 

retirement 1,260  1,586  1,681  95  6.0 

All  other 229  331  325  —6       —1.8 

Totals $65,820         $74,503         $74,717  $214  0.3 


A- 31 


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Board  of  Architectural  Examiners 

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Board  of  Chiropractic  Examiners 

Board  of  Registration  for  Civil  and 

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Board  of  Cosmetology 

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Board  of  Pharmacy —       _   — 

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Centennials  Commission,    __ — 

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Legislators  Retirement  Fund- —   - 

Judges  Retirement  Fund       .   _   

Workmen's  Compensation  Benefits 

Refunds  of  Taxes,  Licenses  and  Other 

Fees 

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Refunds  of  money  from  escheated  prop- 
erty of  aliens  _            .   .   

Payment  to  City  of  Berkeley  for  Street 
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For  Education: 

Apportionments  for  Public  Schools 

Vocational  Education        _.     

Child  Care  Centers - 

Housing  and  Equipment  for  Education  of 

Cerebral  Palsied  Children  .    

School  Building  Construction 

Contributions  to  Teachers'   Retirement 

System..   _  _  —  . 

Free  Textbooks.  _            ....   

Debt  Service  on  Public  School  Building 

Bonds ._       .   ._       - 

Totals,  Education 

For  Public  Health: 

Aid  to  Local  Health  Departments.  _ 

Assistance  to  Counties  for  Tuberculosis 
Sanatoria .       

Assistance  to  Counties  for  Crippled 
Children .   _   _   . 

Assistance  to  Counties  for  Care  of 
Children  Suffering  from  Rheumatic 
Fever  and  Rheumatic  Heart  Disease. . 

Assistance  to  Local  School  Districts  for 
the  Treatment  of  Cerebral  Palsied 
Children 

Assistance  to  Local  Agencies  for  Mos- 
quito and  Gnat  Control    

Assistance  to  Local  Agencies  for  Hospital 
Construction        

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Sacramento  Deep  Water  Channel 

Postwar  Public  Works  Projects.  _ 
Veterans  Housing-            .     _         __   _   __ 

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Aged  and  Blind.  . . 

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ministration Cost  of  Care  of  Adop- 
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County  Agricultural  Commissioners 

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Schedule  4 
GENERAL   FUND-STATEMENT   OF   FINANCIAL   CONDITION,  JUNE   30,    1951 


ASSETS 
Cash 

In  Treasury S31.829.118  74 

In  Transit 3,577.488  89 

Agency  Accounts 1,004,637  17 

$36,411,244  80 

Revolving  Funds 4,769,119  19 

Investments 

Bonds  At  Par $72,450,000  00 

Bonds  At  Cost 4,991,377  78 

Unamortized  Premium  and  Discount 363,142  60 


$77,804,520  38 


Accounts  Receivable 

Due  From  Other  Funds $8,788,336  70 

Equity  in  Feeder  Funds 7,684,672  19 

Abatements  and  Reimbursements 5,975,366  21 

Advances  To  Counties — Categorical  Aids 14,702,914  59 


37,151,289  69 


Total  Budget  Assets $156,136,174  06 

Accounts  Receivable  Others  (Fully  Reserved) 

Revenue $9,717,158  33 

Toll  Bridge  Authority 1,553,095  37 

Sixth  District  Agricultural  Association 808,495  02 

Unreimbursed  Debt  Service — Public  School  Building  Loan  Fund 817,867  60 

Due  From  Agriculture  Fund 7,183  30 

Advance  To  Business  and  Professions  Building 190,984  10 

13,094,783  72 


TOTAL  ASSETS $169,230,957  78 


OBLIGATIONS,  RESERVES  AND  SURPLUS 

Obligations 

Claims  Payable  Filed $4,955,614  98 

Accounts  Payable 28,479,236  84 

Due  To  Other  Funds 50,528  66 

$33,485,380  48 

Uncleared  Collections 174,760  95 

Reimbursements  Deferred — 1951-52  Fiscal  Year__ 1,630,139  32 

1,804,900  27 

Reserve  For  Uncollected  Accounts  Receivable 13,094,783  72 

Surplus 

Accumulated  Surplus  Available  For  Expenditure 120,845,893  31 


TOTAL  OBLIGATIONS,  RESERVES  AND  SURPLUS $169,230,957  78 


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A-63 


Schedule   1 1 

STATEMENT   OF   BONDED    DEBT   OF   THE   STATE   OF   CALIFORNIA 
AS   OF   NOVEMBER  30,    1951 

This  statement  does  not  include  bonds  issued  under  authority  of  state  instrumentalities,  such  as  the  Toll  Bridge  Authority,  Water 
Project  Authority,  Board  of  State  Harbor  Commissioners,  World  Trade  Center  Authority,  and  state  colleges  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  California,  which  bonds  are  not  general  obligations  of  the  State. 


Name  of  issue 

Rate  of 
interest 

Date  of 
maturity 

Amount 
authorized 

Amount 
unsold 

Redemption 

to 

November  30, 

1951 

Amount 

outstanding 

November  30, 

1951 

Amounts  in 
sinking  funds  for 
payment  of  prin- 
cipal November 
30,  1951 

GENERAL  OBLIGATION  BONDS 

GENERAL  FUND 

4% 

1965 

S3,000,000 

$3,000,000 

$3,000,000 
280,000 
560,000 

4% 

1916-65 

1,000,000 

$720,000 

280,000 

4M% 

1921-65 

1,800,000 

1,240,000 

560,000 

State  Buildings  and  University  Buildings  of 

19251          - 

4-4K% 

1932-65 

8,500,000 

5,000,000 

3,500,000 

3,500,000 

1,500,000 

500,000 

California  State  Parks  of  19271 

2H-4H7o 

1934-57 

6,000,000 

4,500,000 

1,500,000 

California  Tenth  Olympiad  of  1927 

i}4% 

1932-71 

1,000,000 

500,000 

500,000 

First  Highway  of  1909. _ _ 

4% 

4K% 

4K-5M% 

1-4H% 

1917-61 
1923-62 
1926-65 
1952-76 

18,000,000 

15,000,000 

40,000,000 

250,000,000 

14,000,000 
10,875,000 
26,000,000 

4,000,000 

4,125,000 

14,000,000 

150,000,000 

Third  Highway  of  1919 

State  School  Building  of  1949 

$100,000,000 

8344,300,000 

$100,000,000 

$62,835,000 

S181,465,000 

2$9,340,000 

SELF-LIQUIDATING  BONDS' 

SAN  FRANCISCO  HARBOR 

IMPROVEMENT  FUND 

4% 

1985 

$9,000,000 

$5,073,000 

$3,927,000 

$75,635 

3,936,508 

116,652 

15,596 

4% 

1989 

10.000,000 

$550,000 

9,450,000 

lM-3Ji% 

1952-76 

10,000,000 

1,500,000 

8,500,000 

India  Basin  of  19098 

4% 

1985 

1,000,000 

147,000 

391,000 

462,000 

$30,000,000 

$2,197,000 

$5,464,000 

$22,339,000 

$4,144,391 

VETERANS  FARM  AND 

HOME  BUILDING  FUND 

Veterans'  Welfare  of  1929.  _ 

4-4^% 
2K~3% 

1935-53 
1937-56 

$20,000,000 
30,000,000 

$17,393,000 
26,130,000 

$2,607,000 
3,870,000 

Veterans' Welfare  of  1933.  _ 

Veterans'  Welfare  of  1943 

1M% 

1947-66 

30,000,000 

6,200,000 

23,800,000 

2-2^% 

1949-71 
1952-71 

100,000,000 
100,000,000 

5,610,000 

94,390,000 
75,000,000 

Veterans'  Welfare  of  1949 

$25,000,000 

$280,000,000 

$25,000,000 

$55,333,000 

$199,667,000 

TOTALS,  SELF-LIQUIDATING  BONDS.. 

$310,000,000 

$27,197,000 

$60,797,000 

$222,006,000 

$4,144,391 

TOTALS,  ALL  BONDS 

$654,300,000 

$127,197,000 

$123,632,000 

$403,471,000 

$13,484,391 

Less :  Amounts  in  Sinking  Funds,  November 

1S,484,S91 

NET  BONDED  DEBT... .     .   . 

$389,986,609 

1  Chapter  611,  Statutes  1943,  and  Chapter  1492,  Statutes  1945,  appropriated  $26,239,738.75  to  the  Bond  Sinking  Fund  of  1943  for  the 
purpose  of  paying  the  principal  and  interest  on  these  issues  to  final  maturity. 

'  In  addition  there  is  $28,313  in  the  Olympic  Bond  Fund  and  $4,069,375  in  the  Bond  Sinking  Fund  of  1943  which  is  available  for  pay- 
ment of  interest. 

3  The  servicing  of  these  bonds  is  primarily  the  obligation  of  the  San  Francisco  Harbor  Improvement  Fund  and  the  Veterans  Farm  and 

Home  Building  Fund ;  however,  they  are  in  last  analysis  general  obligation  bonds. 

4  In  addition  there  is  $263,888  in  the  Seawall  Sinking  Funds  and'$7,700  in  the  India  Basin  Sinking  Fund  of  1909  which  is  available  for 

payment  of  interest. 

5  Callable  on  or  after  January  2,  1951,  in  the  amount  available  in  the  sinking  fund. 
"  Callable  on  or  after  January  2,  1955,  in  the  amount  available  in  the  sinking  fund. 

7  $500,000  callable  on  or  after  March  1,  1971. 

8  Callable  on  or  after  January  2,  1941,  in  the  amount  available  in  the  sinking  fund. 


57801      3-52      500 


A-64 
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